Fig. 3. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the deep learning models derived from the test datasets, compared with general ophthalmologists’ performance using reference standard.

a Detection performance of retinal detachment. b Detection performance of macula-on retinal detachment. AUC area under the ROC curve; General ophthalmologist A, 5 years of working experience at a physical examination centre; General ophthalmologist b, 3 years of working experience at a physical examination centre.