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. 2020 Jan 8;11:111. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13850-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a, b Scopolamine-treated (7 days) ChAT-BAC-eGFP mice showed expansion of ChAT-eGFP-/DCLK1-positive cells (n = 5 sham mice, Mean = 1.11, SEM = 0.125; n = 4 ChAT-BAC-eGFP scopolamine-treated mice, Mean = 3.775, SEM = 0.184; unpaired t test, two-tailed, t = 12.39, df = 7), and prominent cholinergic fibers (arrowhead); bar graphs = 50 µm. c Acetylcholine increases following epithelial M3R ablation (ELISA, whole small intestinal tissues; n = 4 WT mice, Mean = 1.14, SEM = 0.2; n = 5 Vil-Cre × M3R fl/fl −/− mice, Mean = 1.958, SEM = 0.143; unpaired t test, two-tailed, t = 3.425, df = 7). d Immunostainings of Vil-Cre × M3R fl/fl × ChAT fl/fl mice for DCLK1 (n = 5 WT mice, Mean = 0.77, SEM = 0.080; n = 6 Vil-Cre × M3R fl/fl −/− mice, Mean = 4.517, SEM = 0.377; n = 4 Vil-Cre × M3R fl/fl −/− × ChAT fl/fl −/− mice, Mean = 6.763, SEM = 0.844; ordinary one-way ANOVA, F = 38.95, df (total) = 14), bar graphs = 100 µm. e Acetylcholine increases in Vil-Cre × M3R fl/fl × ChAT fl/fl mice (n = 4 WT mice, Mean = 1.14, SEM = 0.2; n = 5 Vil-Cre × M3R fl/fl −/− mice, Mean = 1.958, SEM = 0.143; n = 5 Vil-Cre × M3R fl/fl −/− × ChAT fl/fl −/− mice, Mean = 3.07, SEM = 0.142; ordinary one-way ANOVA, F = 36.12, df (total) = 13). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.005, ****p < 0.001.