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. 2020 Jan 8;11:129. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13798-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Comparison of independent MODIS- and SMOS-based aboveground C density estimates (annual averaged values of the study area). b SMOS aboveground C density trends during 2010–2017. c Changes (in %) of CHIRPS rainfall, SMOS C density and SMOS soil moisture during 2010–2017. Boxplots show whiskers, quartiles and median across 25 × 25 km² pixels. d Spatial distribution of SMOS soil moisture trends during 2010–2017 (n = 2279 pixels). Transparent areas have been disregarded for insufficient data quality. Significant negative trends (p < 0.05) are shown in purple. e Density plot showing the distribution of SMOS aboveground C density trends in the purple areas of d with a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in soil moisture (n = 172). f Example of an area with a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in soil moisture and a strong increase in C density. g Example from Guangxi province showing an area with large-scale tree plantation and massive harvest in 2013 and a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in soil moisture.