Table 3.
Transglycosylation reactions of various acceptor molecules using various microbial AS
| Acceptor molecule | Reaction enzyme | [Donor]:[Acceptor] ratio | Reaction products | Conversion yield (%) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glycoside compounds | |||||
| Arbutin | DgAS | 2: 1 | 4-hydroxyphenyl β-maltoside | over 98.0 | Seo et al. (2009) |
| Aseculina | NpAS | 10: 1 | Aesculin 4-α-glucoside | 85.0 | Park et al. (2018b) |
| Aesculin 4-α-maltoside | 15.0 | ||||
| Daidzin | DgAS | 110: 1 | Daidzein diglucoside | 99.0 | Kim et al. (2019) |
| Daidzein triglucoside | |||||
| NpAS | 110: 1 | Daidzein diglucoside | 45.0 | ||
| Isoquercitrin | DgAS | 14: 1 | Isoquercitrin glucoside | 14.6 | Rha et al. (2019a) |
| Isoquercitrin diglucoside | 25.3 | ||||
| Isoquercitrin diglucoside isomer | 11.3 | ||||
| Isoquercitrin triglucoside | 46.5 | ||||
| Salicin | DgAS | 7: 1 | α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-salicin | 79.0 | Jung et al. (2009) |
| α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-salicin | 5.0 | ||||
| NpAS | 7: 1 | α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-salicin | 15.0 | ||
| α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-salicin | 84.0 | ||||
| Phenolic compounds | |||||
| Hydroquinone | DgAS | 10: 1: 0.2b | Hydroquinone α-glucopyranoside (α-arbutin) | 90.0 | Seo et al. (2012b) |
| CcAS | 4: 1 | Hydroquinone α-glucopyranoside (α-arbutin) | 44.7 | Yu et al. (2018) | |
| Vanillin | NpAS | 1: 1 | Vanillin 4-α-d-glucopyranoside | N.D | Park et al. (2011) |
| Zingerone | NpAS | 1: 1 | Zingerone 4-α-d-glucopyranoside | N.D | |
| Poly-phenolic compound | |||||
| Aseculetina | NpAS | 10: 1 | Aseculetin 7-α-d- glucopyranoside (α-cichoriin) | 25.0 | Park et al. (2018b) |
| Aseculetin 7-α-d-maltoside | 2.5 | ||||
| Aseculetin 7-α-d-maltotriose | 2.5 | ||||
| Baicalein | DgAS | 2: 1 | Baicalein 6-O-α-d-glucopyranoside | 59.1 | Kim et al. (2014b) |
| (+)-Catechin | DgAS | 1: 1 | (+)-catechin-3′-O-α-d-glucopyranoside | 97.0 | Cho et al. (2011) |
| (+)-catechin-3′-O-α-d-maltoside | |||||
| (−)-Epicatechin | NpAS | 1: 1 | (-)-epicatechin-3′-O-α-d-glucopyranoside | 81.0 | Overwin et al. (2015b) |
| (-)-epicatechin-3′-O-α-d-maltoside | |||||
| (-)-epicatechin-3′-O-α-d-maltotrioside | |||||
| Luteolin | DgAS | 7: 1 | Luteolin-4′-O-α-d-glucopyranoside | 86.0 | Jang et al. (2018) |
| NpAS | 29: 1 | Luteolin-4′-O-α-d-glucopyranoside | 7.0 | Malbert et al. (2014) | |
| Phloretina | NpAS | 15: 1 | Phloretin-4′-O-α-d-glucopyranoside | 35.0 | Overwin et al. (2015a) |
| Phloretin-4′-O-α-d-maltoside | 32.0 | ||||
| Phloretin-4′-O-α-d-maltotrioside | 28.0 | ||||
| Piceid | AmAS | 1: 1 | Glucosyl-α-(1 → 4)-piceid |
35.2 70.8a |
Park et al. (2012) |
| Rutin | DrpAS | 10: 1 | Glucosyl-α-(1 → 4)-rutin | N.D | Kim et al. (2014c; 2014d) |
| (+)-Taxifolina | NpAS | 15: 1 | (+)-taxifolin-4′-O-α-d-glucopyranoside | 5.0 | Overwin et al. (2016) |
| Poly-hydroxyl compounds | |||||
| Glycerol | MfAS | 5: 1 | 2-O-α-d-glucosyl-glycerol | 32.8 | Jeong et al. (2014) |
| (2R/S)-1-O-α-d-glucosyl-glycerol | 10.2 | ||||
aWhole cell bioconversion reaction using recombinant E. coli harboring AS gene
bAscorbic acid molar ratio to prevent oxidation in reaction mixture
N.D Not determined