Table 1.
Clinical and demographic characteristics of children living with HIV (CLWH) vs. controls
| CLWH (n=480) | Controls (n=130) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), Mean (SD) | 10.8 (1.3) | 10.8 (1.7) | 0.51 |
| Age (years), Range | 7.8 – 14.0 | 7.5 – 14.1 | - |
| Sex, N (%) | 0.009 | ||
| Male | 219 (45.6) | 76 (58.5) | |
| Female | 261 (54.4) | 54 (41.5) | |
| Biological mother’s HIV status, N (%) | - | ||
| HIV-positive | 480 (100.0) | 43 (33.1) | |
| HIV-negative | 0 (0.0) | 84 (64.6) | |
| Unknown | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.3) | |
| Mother is primary caregiver, N (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 407 (84.8) | 125 (96.2) | |
| No | 73 (15.2) | 5 (3.8) | |
| Biological mother is alive, N (%) | 0.07 | ||
| Yes | 447 (93.1) | 128 (98.5) | |
| No | 31 (6.5) | 2 (1.5) | |
| Unknown | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Biological father is alive, N (%) | 0.09 | ||
| Yes | 400 (83.3) | 118 (90.8) | |
| No | 67 (14.0) | 9 (6.9) | |
| Unknown | 13 (2.7) | 3 (2.3) | |
| Child has a foreign-born parent, N (%) | 0.82 | ||
| Yes | 89 (18.5) | 23 (17.7) | |
| No | 391 (81.5) | 107 (82.3) | |
| Caregiver educational attainment, N (%) | 0.13 | ||
| No school / did not finish high school | 254 (52.9) | 59 (45.4) | |
| Completed high school | 226 (47.1) | 71 (54.6) | |
| Child lives in a house, N (%) | 0.37 | ||
| Yes | 323 (67.3) | 82 (63.1) | |
| No | 157 (32.7) | 48 (36.9) | |
| Caregiver lost job in past 6 months, N (%) | 0.003 | ||
| Yes | 51 (10.6) | 3 (2.3) | |
| No | 429 (89.4) | 127 (97.7) | |
| Child admitted to hospital since last visit, N (%) | 0.23 | ||
| Yes | 6 (1.3) | 4 (3.1) | |
| No | 474 (98.8) | 126 (96.9) | |
| Child misses school to go to the doctor or hospital, N (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Never | 90 (19.2) | 44 (34.1) | |
| Almost never | 7 (1.5) | 6 (4.7) | |
| Sometimes | 306 (65.4) | 79 (61.2) | |
| Often | 58 (12.4) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Almost always | 7 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) |