Table 2.

Factors associated with not being in the appropriate grade-for-age, all children

Factor	n/N (%)	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	P	Adjusted OR* (95% CI)	P
HIV status
CLWH	220/480 (45.8)	1.97 (1.30, 2.99)	0.001	3.32 (2.07, 5.34)	<0.0001
Controls	39/130 (30.0)	1.00		1.0
Site
ESRU	175/365 (48.0)	1.77 (1.26, 2.47)	0.0009	2.61 (1.78, 3.84)	<0.0001
PHRU	84/245 (34.3)	1.00		1.0
Age in years		0.99 (0.89, 1.11)	0.91
Sex
Male	149/295 (50.5)	1.90 (1.37, 2.63)	0.0001	2.01 (1.42, 2.85)	<0.0001
Female	110/315 (34.9)	1.00
Biological mother is primary caregiver
No	33/78 (42.3)	0.99 (0.61, 1.61)	0.98
Yes	226/532 (42.5)	1.00
Biological mother is alive
No	16/33 (48.5)	1.30 (0.65, 2.63)	0.46
Yes	241/575 (41.9)	1.00
Biological father is alive
No	40/76 (52.6)	1.62 (0.99, 2.62)	0.051	1.50 (0.90, 2.50)	0.12
Yes	211/518 (40.7)	1.00
Highest caregiver grade completed
No school / did not finish high school	147/313 (47.0)	1.46 (1.06, 2.02)	0.021	1.56 (1.11, 2.21)	0.012
Completed high school	112/297 (37.7)	1.00
Child lives in a house
No	94/205 (45.9)	1.23 (0.88, 1.73)	0.23	-	-
Yes	165/405 (40.7)	1.00
Has a foreign-born parent
Yes	48/112 (42.9)	1.02 (0.67, 1.54)	0.92
No	211/498 (42.4)	1.0

^*The adjusted model includes all variables with p<0.10 in unadjusted analysis.