Table 3.
Factors associated with not being in the appropriate grade-for-age, children living with HIV (CLWH)
| Factor | n/N (%) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P | Adjusted OR (95% CI)* | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at ART initiation | |||||
| ≥6 months | 99/177 (55.9) | 1.91 (1.31, 2.78) | 0.0007 | 1.74 (1.05, 2.88) | 0.032 |
| <6 months | 121/303 (39.9) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Age in years | 1.00 (0.87, 1.14) | 0.98 | |||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 121/219 (55.3) | 2.02 (1.40, 2.91) | 0.0002 | 1.67 (1.08, 2.57) | 0.021 |
| Female | 99/261 (37.9) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Site | |||||
| ESRU | 136/235 (57.9) | 2.63 (1.82, 3.81) | <0.0001 | 1.96 (0.99, 3.87) | 0.054 |
| PHRU | 84/245 (34.3) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Biological mother is primary caregiver | |||||
| No | 32/73 (43.8) | 0.91 (0.55, 1.50) | 0.71 | - | - |
| Yes | 188/407 (46.2) | 1.0 | |||
| Biological mother is alive | |||||
| No | 202/447 (45.2) | 1.29 (0.62, 2.68) | 0.49 | - | - |
| Yes | 16/31 (51.6) | 1.0 | |||
| Biological father is alive | |||||
| No | 176/400 (44.0) | 1.57 (0.93, 2.64) | 0.09 | 1.57 (0.85, 2.90) | 0.15 |
| Yes | 37/67 (55.2) | 1.0 | |||
| Highest caregiver grade completed | |||||
| No school / did not finish high school | 125/254 (49.2) | 1.34 (0.93, 1.92) | 0.12 | - | - |
| Completed high school | 95/226 (42.0) | 1.0 | |||
| Child lives in a house | |||||
| No | 142/323 (44.0) | 1.26 (0.86, 1.85) | 0.24 | - | - |
| Yes | 78/157 (49.7) | 1.0 | |||
| Has a foreign born parent | |||||
| Yes | 177/391 (45.3) | 1.13 (0.71, 1.79) | 0.60 | - | - |
| No | 43/89 (48.3) | 1.0 | |||
| Current plasma HIV RNA (copies/ml) | |||||
| Not suppressed >40 | 26/48 (54.2) | 1.45 (0.79, 2.63) | 0.23 | - | - |
| Suppressed <40 | 193/429 (45.0) | 1.0 | |||
| Current CD4 percentage (%) | 1.00 (0.97, 1.03) | 0.99 | - | - | |
| Current ART regimen | |||||
| EFV-based | 103/178 (57.9) | 2.15 (1.47, 3.15) | <0.0001 | 0.86 (0.44, 1.68) | 0.67 |
| LPV/r-based | 113/290 (39.0) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.75 | |
| Other | 4/12 (33.3) | 0.78 (0.23, 2.66) | 0.70 | 0.78 (0.17, 3.51) | |
| Child has been told his/her HIV status | |||||
| No | 120/222 (54.1) | 1.82 (1.27, 2.63) | 0.001 | 1.87 (1.18, 2.95) | 0.008 |
| Yes | 100/255 (39.2) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| Don’t know | 0/3 (0.0) | - | - | ||
| Pre-treatment HIV RNA (copies/ml) | |||||
| <100,000 | 20/35 (57.1) | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||
| 100,000–340,000 | 23/65 (35.4) | 0.41 (0.18, 0.95) | 0.04 | 0.40 (0.16, 0.99) | 0.047 |
| 340,000–750,000 | 33/68 (48.5) | 0.71 (0.31, 1.61) | 0.41 | 0.92 (0.37, 2.27) | 0.85 |
| ≥750,000 | 113/245 (46.1) | 0.64 (0.31, 1.31) | 0.22 | 0.73 (0.33, 1.59) | 0.42 |
| Pre-treatment CD4 percentage (%) | 0.96 (0.95, 0.98) | <0.0001 | 0.97 (0.96, 1.00) | 0.054 |
*
The adjusted model includes all variables with p<0.10 in unadjusted analysis.