Table 3.

Between-group results: high depression symptoms versus healthy control group analysis^a

Brain region	Comment	X	Y	Z	z	P	Standard effect size	Upper 95% CI	Lower 95% CI
Anticipation phase
Chocolate picture
Healthy controls versus depression symptoms group
lOFC (BA10)/		−38	48	−4	5.39	<0.001	−0.57	2.12	0.23
dlPFC (BA9)		−28	36	30	5.39	<0.001	−0.85	1.08	−0.24
Insula		42	6	0	4.78	<0.001	−0.92	0.37	−0.88
Precuneus (BA7)		10	−70	48	4.71	<0.001	−2.26	0.17	−0.84
Aversive picture
Healthy controls versus depression symptoms group
lOFC (BA10)/		−38	48	−2	5.05	<0.001	−0.82	2.57	0.44
dlPFC (BA9)		−30	44	30	5.05	<0.001	−0.72	2.25	0.4
Precuneus (BA7)		−2	−74	−46	4.11	0.009	−0.84	0.06	−1.24
Insula (BA13)		30	22	14	4.09	0.01	−0.77	1.09	−0.4
Premotor cortex (BA6)		38	12	42	4.01	0.01	−0.64	1.04	−0.08
Posterior cingulate (BA31)		8	−30	42	3.93	0.01	−0.90	1.08	0.26
Effort phase
Effort to gain chocolate (choc hard-choc easy)
Healthy controls versus depression symptoms group
Insula		32	16	−2	3.76	0.005	−0.61	0.41	−0.002
Claustrum/putamen		26	8	−4	3.45	0.005	−0.58	0.33	−0.09
Effort to avoid aversion (aversive hard-aversive easy)	No significant differences
Consummation phase
Chocolate taste or aversive taste	No significant differences

CI, confidence interval; lOFC, lateral orbitofrontal cortex; dlPFC, dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex.

^a.Thresholded at P = 0.001. Standard effect size calculated using the depression symptoms and healthy control groups extracted activation from SPM plots. The mean activation for each group and the s.d. and n was then used in the Centre for Evaluation and Monitoring online effect size calculator.