Table 3.
Analysis of Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale (ASA-S) and dimensions based on sociodemographic factors.
| Variable | ASA-S | p | Resources | p | Ignorance | p | Ability | p | Health Behavior | p | Health Awareness | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SEM) (CI 95%) | Mean (SEM) (CI 95%) | Mean (SEM) (CI 95%) | Mean ± SEM (CI 95%) | Mean (SEM) (CI 95%) | Mean (SEM) (CI 95%) | ||||||||
| Gender | Male | 84.24 (0.78) (82.69–85.79) | 0.008 | 34.19 (0.44) (33.32–35.05) | 0.084 | 17.31 (0.36) (16.60–18.03) | 0.101 | 12.84 (0.19) (12.46–13.23) | 0.674 | 28.47 (0.34) (27.81–29.14) | 0.140 | 12.31 (0.24) (11.83–12.80) | 0.209 |
| Female | 81.85 (0.42) (81.02–82.68) | 33.17 (0.24) (32.70–33.64) | 16.75 (0.16) (16.43–17.08) | 12.98 (0.11) (12.77–13.19) | 27.78 (0.18) (27.43–28.13) | 11.95 (0.11) (11.73–12.16) | |||||||
| Nationality | Spanish | 82.49 (0.55) (81.41–83.57) | 0.031 | 33.42 (0.30) (32.83–34.00) | 0.260 | 16.92 (0.21) (16.50–17.34) | 0.061 | 12.87 (0.13) (12.62–13.12) | 0.086 | 28.11 (0.22) (27.68–28.54) | 0.002 | 11.87 (0.15) (11.57–12.17) | 0.062 |
| Italian | 85.62 (1.29) (83.02–88.21) | 34.40 (0.78) (32.84–35.97) | 17.45 (0.60) (16.23–18.66) | 12.68 (0.31) (12.06–13.30) | 29.06 (0.47) (28.12–30) | 12.72 (0.36) (12.00–13.44) | |||||||
| Greek | 82.58 (0.97) (80.66–84.50) | 33.29 (0.52) (32.26–34.33) | 17.22 (0.36) (16.52–17.92) | 12.96 (0.23) (12.51–13.42) | 27.59 (0.41) (26.79–28.39) | 12.35 (0.23) (11.89–12.80) | |||||||
| Belgian | 80.58 (1.08) (78.40–82.75) | 32.18 (0.71) (30.74–33.61) | 17.10 (0.46) (16.16–18.04) | 12.50 (0.39) (11.70–13.30) | 26.15 (0.65) (24.83–27.47) | 12.38 (0.25) (11.87–12.88) | |||||||
| Lithuanian | 79.60 (1.05) (77.49–81.71) | 32.66 (0.69) (31.27–34.05) | 16.32 (0.51) (15.29–17.35) | 13.80 (0.33) (13.14–14.46) | 26.84 (0.56) (25.72–27.96) | 11.60 (0.29) (11.01–12.19) | |||||||
| Others | 81.49 (1.13) (79.22–83.76) | 33.72 (0.68) (32.36–35.08) | 15.63 (0.44) (14.76–16.51) | 13.14 (0.32) (12.51–13.78) | 28.70 (0.46) (27.78–29.62) | 11.61 (0.32) (10.97–12.26) | |||||||
| University degree | Nursing | 82.13 (0.42) (81.30–82.96) | 0.653 | 33.25 (0.24) (32.77–33.72) | 0.493 | 16.82 (0.17) (16.48–17.15) | 0.650 | 12.92 (0.11) (12.71–13.14) | 0.657 | 27.91 (0.18) (27.56–28.26) | 0.943 | 12.01 (0.12) (11.78–12.23) | 0.715 |
| Others | 82.76 (0.81) (81.17–84.35) | 33.69 (0.43) (32.85–34.53) | 16.98 (0.31) (16.38–17.58) | 13.05 (0.18) (12.69–13.41) | 27.89 (0.34) (27.21–28.57) | 12.03 (0.21) (11.62–12.44) | |||||||
| Employment situation | Not working | 82.82 (0.46) (81.92–83.71) | 0.042 | 33.49 (0.25) (32.99–33.98) | 0.176 | 17.08 (0.18) (16.73–17.43) | 0.065 | 12.89 (0.11) (12.68–13.11) | 0.388 | 28.06 (0.18) (27.70–28.42) | 0.789 | 12.01 (0.12) (11.77–12.24) | 0.497 |
| Working | 81.05 ± 0.66 (79.75–82.35) | 33.05 ± 0.39 (32.29–33.81) | 16.34 ±0.28 (15.80–16.88) | 13.09 ±0.18 (12.73–13.45) | 27.55 ± 0.30 (26.95–28.14) | 12.03 ± 0.18 (11.67–12.39) | |||||||
| Chronic disease | Yes | 83.17 (1.08) (81.02–85.32) | 0.203 | 33.85 (0.56) (32.73–34.97) | 0.384 | 17.06 (0.38) (16.30–17.81) | 0.651 | 12.95 (0.23) (12.50–13.41) | 0.816 | 28.42 (0.44) (27.54–29.30) | 0.103 | 11.75 (0.23) (11.29–12.21) | 0.314 |
| No | 82.13 (0.40) (81.35–82.91) | 33.27 (0.23) (32.82–33.71) | 16.82 (0.16) (16.50–17.14) | 12.95 (0.10) (12.75–13.15) | 27.82 (0.17) (27.48–28.15) | 12.06 (0.11) (11.84–12.28) | |||||||
| Co-living | Ascendant relatives | 82.51 (0.45) (81.63–83.39) | 0.793 | 33.59 (0.24) (33.12–34.07) | 0.165 | 16.80 (0.18) (16.43–17.13) | 0.185 | 13.01 (0.12) (12.78–13.24) | 0.427 | 28.02 (0.18) (27.65–28.38) | 0.303 | 12.03 (0.12) (11.79–12.27) | 0.071 |
| Friends/Flatmates | 81.44 (0.80) (79.87–83.01) | 32.46 (0.47) (31.54–33.39) | 17.25 (0.29) (16.67–17.82) | 12.71 (0.19) (12.34–13.09) | 827.46 (0.33) (26.79–28.12) | 11.84 (0.21) (11.42–12.26) | |||||||
| Descendent relatives | 82.19 (1.95) (78.13–86.26) | 34.62 (0.97) (32.60–36.64) | 15.62 (0.81) (13.93–17.31) | 12.34 (0.32) (12.34–13.66) | 28.48 (0.78) (26.86–30.10) | 11.33 (0.58) (10.13–12.54) | |||||||
| Alone | 82.67 (1.71) (79.22–86.12) | 33.09 (1.06) (30.96–35.22) | 16.88 (0.59) (15.69–18.08) | 13.07 (0.40) (12.27–13.87) | 27.88 (0.81) (26.25–29.52) | 12.67 (0.34) (12.00–13.35) | |||||||
Asterisks indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) (Mann–Whitney test when comparing a quantitative variable in two categories and Kruskal–Wallis test when comparing in three or more categories).