Table 1.
Main studies of plant-based diets and health in Black Adventist participants.
| Year | Author(s) | Health Focus | Outcomes | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | Tantamango-Bertley et al. | Prostate cancer | Vegan diet was protective against prostate cancer in non-Blacks (HR a: 0.65; 95% CI b: 0.49, 0.85). There was a similar but non-significant point estimate for Black vegans (HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.41, 1.18) | [116] |
| 2016 | Penniecook-Sawyers et al. | Breast cancer | Among both Blacks and non-Blacks, a vegan diet was possibly protective against breast cancer compared to a non-vegetarian diet (HR 0.78; CI 0.58, 1.05; p = 0.09) | [117] |
| 2015 | Fraser et al. | CVD c risk factors | Compared to non-vegetarian Blacks, vegetarian Blacks had: 52% lower T2D d risk; 58% lower risk of high total cholesterol; Lower LDL e cholesterol; Lower obesity rates Vegetarian diets possibly protected Blacks from CVD risk factors |
[118] |
| 2015 | Olrich et al. | Colorectal cancer | Vegetarians had lower risk of colorectal cancer in non-Blacks (HR 0.80; CI 0.65–0.98; P = 0.04. Estimates for Blacks were similar but non-significant (HR 0.80; CI 0.53–1.20; p = 0.28) | [119] |
| 2014 | Singh et al. | Obesity & Longevity | Non-obese Blacks lived 6 years longer on average than obese Blacks Vegetarian Blacks had BMI values that were 2–4 kg lower than non-vegetarians Plant-based diets offered protection against obesity |
[120] |
| 2013 | Tonstad et al. | Type 2 Diabetes | Blacks were more likely to develop T2D than non-Blacks (OR f 1.364; CI 1.093–1.702) Vegetarian diets were protective against T2D in Blacks |
[84] |
| 2013 | Tantamango-Bertley et al. | Cancer | Vegetarian diets were protective against overall cancer incidence in Blacks and Whites | [121] |
| 2012 | Paalani et al. | Inflammatory markers | Blacks had higher CRP g and IL-6 h levels than non-Blacks (β = 0.118; 95% confidence interval = 0.014–0.206; p = 0.025) Vegetarian diets were associated with lower CRP levels in Blacks, and may be protective against inflammation |
[122] |
| 1994 | Melby et al. | Blood pressure; Serum lipids | Black vegetarians lad lower mean waist-to-hip ratios and serum lipids than non-vegetarians | [115] |
| 1993 | Melby et al. | Blood pressure | Blacks were more susceptible to HTN i than Whites Adherence to a long-term vegetarian diet protected Blacks against HTN |
[123] |
| 1989 | Melby et al. | Blood pressure | Lower systolic blood pressure among Black vegetarians (122.8) compared to Black non-vegetarians (129.7) Black vegetarians had higher systolic blood pressure than Whites |
[114] |
a Hazard ratio; b 95% confidence interval; c cardiovascular disease; d type 2 diabetes; e low density lipoprotein; f odds ratio; g c-reactive protein; h interleukin-6; i hypertension.