| ECM | Extracellular matrix |
| HA | Hyaluronic acid |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| TRP | Tyrosinase-related protein |
| MITF | Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor |
| cAMP | Adenosine 3’,5’-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic AMP) |
| CREB | cAMP response element-binding |
| ERK | Extracellular receptor kinase |
| ASP | Agonist stimulating protein |
| SCF | Stem cell factor |
| Wnt | Wingless-related integration site |
| MC1R | Melanocortin 1 receptor |
| α-MSH | α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| MMP | Matrix metalloproteinase |
| NF-κB | Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
| AP-1 | Activator protein 1 |
| IL-12 and IL-8 | Interleukin 12 |
| TLR2 | Toll-like receptor 2 |
| MAA | Mycosporine-like amino acid |
| PUFA | Polyunsaturated fatty acid |