Table 1.
The characteristics of the included studies.
| First Author | Year/Area | Mean Age | Probiotics/Placebo | Probiotics with diarrhea/Placebo with diarrhea | Primary Tumor Site | Type of therapy | Total Radiation Dose | Chemotherapy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linn | 2018/Myanmar | 52.5-57.38 | 26/28 | 14/23 | Cervical Carcinoma | external beam pelvic radiotherapy | 50Gy | Not specified |
| Tehrani | 2016/Iran | 62 | 22/24 | 7/17 | Pelvic cancers (colorectal, prostate, endometrial, bladder, ovary, cervix, bone sarcoma) | conventional radiotherapy | 4000 to 5000 cGy (1.8Gy/day) with 18 MV | Not specified |
| Salminen | 1988/Finland | 40–75 | 11/10 | 3/9 | Cervix or uterus carcinoma | Internal and external pelvic RT and intracavitary caesium | 50Gy for pelvic, 80Gy for the tumour | Intracavitary caesium |
| Delia | 2007/Italy | No | 243/239 | 77/124 | Sigmoid, rectal or cervical cancers | Postoperative RT | 60–70 Gy | Not specified |
| Giralt | 2008/Spain | ≤18 | 44/41 | 8/11 | Endometrial adenocarcinoma or advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma | Postoperative RT concomitant weekly cisplatin (only for patients with cervical cancer) | 45–50.4 Gy | Weekly Cisplatin 40 mg/m2 |
| Castro | 2009/Brazil | NR | 20/20 | 7/13 | Cervical or endometrial cancer | RT treatments | NR | Not specified |
| Chitapanarux | 2010/Thailand | 18–65 | 32/31 | 3/14 | Cervical cancer | Pelvic RT and weekly cisplatin | 200 cGy per fraction, five fractions per week | Weekly cisplatin 40 mg/m2 for 6 weeks |
| Demers | 2014/Canada | >18 | 140/86 | 118/80 | Gynecologic, rectal, or prostate cancer | RT for gynecologic cancers without chemotherapy, gynecologic or rectal cancers with chemotherapy | 40 Gy for the pelvic level | Not specified |