Table 1.

PV Tests used in sports research including their test–retest reliability and training effects.

Test/Sub-Test	Procedure/Method	Parameter (unit)	Sports	Reliability	Training Effects
Nike sensory station (NSS)/ Eye–hand coordination test (EHCT)	Subjects have to react with their hands to a light stimulus on a display. /binocular	Peripheral eye–hand response (sec)	Baseball [23] High School Football [24] Healthy young adults [25] Collegiate ice hockey [13]	⟹ [26]	↑ [26]/[27]
Wayne computerized saccadic fixator (WCSF) [28,29]	Athletes are required to react to light stimulus with one hand while concentration on a central cylinder stimulus. /binocular	Peripheral response time (correct responses)	General [30] General [31] Soccer [32]	⇓ [33]	↑ [33]
Humphrey field analyzer 630 (HFA)	Static condition: Participants have to fixate central while stimuli are presented. Kinetic condition: Stimuli are given along 12 meridians and moved centrally. /monocular	Retinal sensitivity within the visual field (dB)	General [30] General [31]	n.a.	↑ [34]
Useful field of view (UFOV)/ Second sub-test [35]	Examinees identifies a central target while localizing a stimulus in the periphery. /binocular	Visual processing speed (ms)	Football and General [36]	⇑ [37]	n.a.
Athlevision (Asics Corporation, Japan)/ Peripheral vision test (PVT) [38]	Participants have to detect peripheral O’s while watching a central number. /binocular	Peripheral vision (correct responses)	Soft Tennis [39]	⇑⇑ [39]	n.a.
Vienna test system (VTS)/ Peripheral perception (PP) [40]	Subjects have central tracking task and a peripheral perception task need to be resolved (for detailed description see Materials). /binocular	Peripheral reaction time (sec), visual field (n°)	Physical active man [41] Handball [8] Handball [42] Volleyball [11] Basketball [43]	n.a.	n.a.

Note: LOA = Limits of agreement. T₀ = test. T₁ = retest. Values shown are the mean (M), standard deviation (SD), and 95% confidence interval (CI 95%). Results of pared sample t-test (t) are presented with p values and degrees of freedom. (sec) = measured in seconds. (n°) = measured in degrees. (pixel) = measured in pixels. (N) = measured in numbers of hits. (dB) = decibel. Following rating is in accordance with reports by the stated authors: ↑ = significant training effect. • = without training effect. ⇓ = poor reliability. ⟹ = moderate reliability. ⇑ = good reliability. ⇑⇑ = excellent reliability. n.a. = not available.