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. 2019 Nov 28;11(12):2893. doi: 10.3390/nu11122893

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) Postprandial circulating riboflavin; (b) the vitamer flavin mononucleotide (FMN); (c) thiamine; and (d) pantothenic acid concentrations (nmol/L) in energy-dense (ED) and nutrient-dense (ND) breakfast fed elderly and young subjects at baseline (0) and hourly for 5 h. Data points and error bars represent means and ±SEM respectively, n = 15 in each age group. A meal x time interaction (p = 0.002) showed increased riboflavin concentrations from baseline at 1 h post-ND meal compared to baseline (***, p < 0.001); significant difference between ED and ND meal treatments at 1 h (#, p = 0.008). There was a main age effect (a, p = 0.008) and main time effect (***, p < 0.001) for FMN. There was a main time effect (p = 0.001) in thiamine and main age effect (a, p < 0.001) for pantothenic acid.