Table 1.

Descriptions of the variables and question wording from the International Food Policy Study (IFPS) (2017).

Variable	Question	Relevant Response Options	Used in Analysis
SSB consumption	[Calculated from the Beverage Frequency Questionnaire: Reported frequency and volume of consumption over the last 7 days]	Regular pop; sweetened fruit drinks; regular flavored water with calories; regular sports drinks; regular energy drinks; chocolate milk or other flavored milk; specialty coffees; sweetened smoothies, protein shakes, or drinkable yogurts	Non-consumers (of these options); low SSB consumers (<overall median); high SSB consumers (>overall median)
Total self-reported exposure to SSB promotion	Sugary drinks are drinks that contain added sugar, such as fizzy drinks (Australia: soft drinks; Canada: pop), fruit drinks, sports drinks, energy drinks, chocolate milk, and speciality coffees that have added sugar. In the past 30 days, have you seen or heard any advertisements or promotions for SUGARY DRINKS in the following places? (select all that apply)	TV ads; radio ads; online/internet ads; mobile app/video game; social media (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, Snapchat); in a text message; magazine or newspaper; billboard or outdoor sign (e.g., posters, transit ads); in movies; at school/on campus; signs or displays in stores or restaurants; at a recreation/community center; sports event or sponsorship (e.g., logos or links with events, teams, or athletes); giveaways, samples, or special offers; other; I haven’t seen any marketing for sugary drinks in the last 30 days; don’t know; refuse to answer	Summed number of locations responded positively to, with those responding: “I haven’t seen any marketing for sugary drinks in the last 30 days”, coded to 0, and “Don’t know” and “refuse to answer” set to missing
Exposure to traditional SSB promotion	[Same wording as that for “Total self-reported exposure to SSB promotion” variable]	TV ads; radio ads; in a text message; magazine or newspaper	“Yes” if self-reported exposure to advertisements or promotions for SUGARY DRINKS in any of these locations, “No” if not
Exposure to digital SSB promotion	[Same wording as that for “Total self-reported exposure to SSB promotion” variable]	Online/internet ads; mobile app/video game; social media (e.g., Twitter, Facebook, Snapchat)	“Yes” if self-reported exposure to advertisements or promotions for SUGARY DRINKS in any of these locations, “No” if not
Exposure to recreational environment SSB promotion	[Same wording as that for “Total self-reported exposure to SSB promotion” variable]	Films or cinema; giveaways, samples, or special offers; at a recreation/community center; at a sports event or concert	“Yes” if self-reported exposure to advertisements or promotions for SUGARY DRINKS in any of these locations, “No” if not
Exposure to functional environment SSB promotion	[Same wording as that for “Total self-reported exposure to SSB promotion” variable]	Billboard or outdoor sign; at a school/college/university; signs or displays in supermarkets, convenience shops or restaurants	“Yes” if self-reported exposure to advertisements or promotions for SUGARY DRINKS in any of these locations, “No” if not
Country	Automatically assigned	UK; Canada; Australia; USA; Mexico	UK; Canada; Australia; USA; Mexico
Sex	What sex were you assigned at birth, meaning on your original birth certificate?	Male; female	Male; female
Age	How old are you?	In years	Continuous
Ethnicity	Which of the following best describes your ethnic or racial background?	[Ethnicity options particular to each country]	Majority group; minority group
Education	What is the highest level of education you have completed?	Below upper secondary schooling = low; upper secondary schooling = medium; tertiary = high	Low; medium; high