Table 1.
Physical characteristics and physical fitness of subjects at baseline (PRE), after eight-week primary intervention (POST), and after 10-month follow-up (1YEAR).
| Variables | Control (n = 20) | PITI (n = 26) | PI (n = 25) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRE | POST | 1YEAR | PRE | POST | 1YEAR | PRE | POST | 1YEAR | |
| Age (year) | 12.1 ± 0.33 | 12.0 ± 0.34 | 11.9 ± 0.36 | ||||||
| Height (cm) | 151.9 ± 2.6 | 152.1 ± 2.7 | 155.9 ± 3.5 ** | 152.5 ± 2.5 | 152.7 ± 2.7 | 156.7 ± 3.9 ** | 151.8 ± 2.5 | 151.9 ± 2.6 | 156.0 ± 4.7 ** |
| Weight (kg) | 62.7 ± 2.3 | 64.6 ± 2.5 * | 67.2 ± 3.3 **# | 62.9 ± 2.5 | 60.6 ± 2.8 *+ | 64.2 ± 3.6 #+ | 62.3 ± 2.5 | 60.4 ± 2.9 *+ | 65.9 ± 3.6 *## |
| BMI | 27.8 ± 0.6 | 28.7 ± 0.7 * | 28.4 ± 0.7 | 27.6 ± 0.5 | 26.5 ± 0.6 **+ | 26.8 ± 0.7 *&+ | 27.5 ± 0.5 | 26.7 ± 0.6 **+ | 27.7 ± 0.7 # |
| Body fat percentage (%) | 31.5 ± 1.0 | 32.8±1.1 * | 32.4 ± 1.1 | 31.3 ± 1.1 | 27.9 ± 1.3 **++ | 29.1 ± 1.3 *&+ | 31.0 ± 1.0 | 28.1 ± 1.4 **++ | 30.5 ± 1.2 # |
| VO2max (ml/kg/min) | 41.3 ± 1.7 | 39.5 ± 1.9 * | 41.6 ± 2.0 | 40.9 ± 1.6 | 45.7 ± 1.7 **++ | 45.2 ± 1.8 **+ | 41.2 ± 1.7 | 45.9±1.8*++ | 43.4 ± 2.0# |
| Flexibility (cm) | 28.4 ± 1.4 | 26.1 ± 1.7 * | 27.8 ± 1.8 | 27.6 ± 1.5 | 31.9 ± 1.6*+ | 31.3 ± 1.8 *&+ | 28.9 ± 1.5 | 32.7 ± 1.7 *+ | 29.3 ± 1.8 |
| Grip strength (kg) | 23.7 ± 1.8 | 23.1 ± 2.3 | 25.7 ± 2.1 | 24.5 ± 1.7 | 26.7 ± 1.8 *+ | 27.9 ± 1.9 | 22.7 ± 1.8 | 25.7 ± 1.9 *+ | 27.4 ± 2.0 |
Note: Values are means ± SE. PITI, primary intervention + 10-month telephone intervention; PI, primary intervention only; *, significantly different from PRE (p < 0.05); **, significantly different from PRE (p < 0.01); #, significantly different from POST (p < 0.05); ##, significantly different from POST (p < 0.01); &, different from PI at 1YEAR; +, significantly different from CON at the same time point (p < 0.05); ++ significantly different from CON at the same time point (p < 0.01).