Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants.
| Variables | No Diabetes Mellitus (n = 4127) | Diabetes Mellitus (n = 543) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 46.4 ± 14.2 | 53.6 ± 13.1 | <0.001 |
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Men | 1418 (34.4) | 229 (42.2) | <0.001 |
| Women | 2709 (65.6) | 314 (57.8) | |
| Education level, n (%) | |||
| No school | 370 (9.0) | 78 (14.4) | <0.001 |
| Primary school | 2002 (48.5) | 299 (55.1) | |
| Middle school | 1497 (36.3) | 136 (25.1) | |
| >Junior college | 258 (6.3) | 30 (5.5) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | |||
| Not married | 164 (4.0) | 9 (1.7) | 0.025 |
| Get married | 3577 (86.7) | 479 (88.2) | |
| Divorce or widowed | 386 (9.4) | 55 (10.1) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | |||
| Non-smokers | 3662 (88.7) | 474 (87.3) | 0.443 |
| Former-smokers | 380 (9.2) | 59 (10.9) | |
| Current-smokers | 85 (2.1) | 10 (1.8) | |
| Drinking status, n (%) | |||
| Non-drinkers | 3998 (96.9) | 533 (98.2) | 0.238 |
| Former-drinkers | 81 (2.0) | 7 (1.3) | |
| Current-drinkers | 48 (1.2) | 3 (0.6) | |
| Physical activity, n (%) | |||
| Low strength | 3848 (93.2) | 506 (93.2) | 0.963 |
| Moderate or high strength | 279 (6.8) | 37 (6.8) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.9 ± 4.7 | 26.3 ± 4.8 | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 5.3 ± 0.7 | 9.6 ± 4.5 | <0.001 |