Table 2.
Case studies of recent Aedes-borne outbreaks in Pacific Island States.
| Pathogen. | ZIKV [21,29,33] | DENV (DENV-2) [21,29,34] | CHIKV [35,36] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pacific Case Study | Yap Island, Federate States of Micronesia, 2007 | Solomon Islands 2016/2017 |
French Polynesia 2014/2015 |
| Population | Approx. 7.400 (2000 census data) |
Approx. 640.000 (2016 projection) |
Approx. 276.000 (2017 census data) |
| Main vector | Ae. hensilli | Ae. aegypti | Ae. aegypti, Ae. polynesiensis |
| First reported in the Pacific |
2007, Yap Island; major outbreaks 2007-2017 | 1912, Hawaii; regular outbreaks since 1960s | 2011 New Caledonia; major outbreaks 2011-2015 |
| Outbreak period | Apr 2007–Jul 2007 | Aug 2016–Apr 2017 | Sep 2014–Mar 2015 |
| Extent of the outbreak | 49 confirmed cases >900 suspected cases |
1,510 confirmed cases, 12,329 suspected cases, |
4,443 confirmed cases, 69,000 suspected cases |
| Public Health Challenges |
Widespread mosquito vector; immunologically naïve population; co-circulating DENV | Widespread mosquito vector; endemic dengue virus (DENV) circulation; outbreak quickly consumed public and clinical resources | Widespread mosquito vector; immunologically naive population; co-circulating DENV |
| Mosquito-borne virus co-circulation | DENV, zika virus (ZIKV) | ZIKV | DENV, ZIKV, Ross River virus (silent) |
| Public Health Implications |
Development of robust surveillance systems (health and vector surveillance); increase of diagnostic capacities and training; implementation of vector control measures, including individual and collective protection; and increased awareness and community engagement concerning mosquito-borne diseases | ||