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. 2019 Dec 18;14(3):151–158. doi: 10.15420/ecr.2019.16.2

Table 1: Clinical and Preclinical Studies that Examined the Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Cardiovascular Health.

Study Type of Study Observed Effect
Antoniewicz et al. 2019[54] C Acute inhalation of electronic cigarette aerosols with nicotine among healthy volunteers caused: ↑ heart rate, ↑ arterial stiffness, ↑ flow resistance in conducting airways
Chatterjee et al. 2019[79] C Acute electronic cigarette aerosol inhalation, without nicotine, led to the transient increase of circulating ↑ ICAM-1 and reactive oxygen species ↑
Alzahrani et al. 2019[73] C Daily electronic cigarette use ↑ odds of having a myocardial infarction (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.20–2.66, p=0.004)
Nocella et al. 2018[104] C ↑ Soluble CD-40 ligand, ↑ soluble P-selectin, ↑ platelet aggregation
Wang et al. 2018[105] C Electronic cigarette-only use, compared with no product use, was associated with ↑ general health scores, ↑ breathing difficulty scores, ↑ higher proportion of self-reported chest pain, palpitations, CAD, arrhythmia, COPD and asthma
Quasim et al. 2018[106] P In mice, short-term electronic cigarette exposure ↑ risk of thrombogenesis and ↑ platelet function
Chaumont et al. 2018[107] C Nicotine, but not electronic cigarette vehicles (propylene glycol and glycerol), ↑ acetylcholine-mediated vasodilation, ↑ indices of arterial stiffness, ↑ systolic and diastolic blood pressures and heart rate, ↑ plasma myeloperoxidase
Lee et al. 2018[108] P ↑ DNA damage, ↑ repair activity in mouse lung, heart and bladder
Franzen et al. 2018[75] C Electronic cigarette vaping led to ↑ peripheral and central arterial blood pressure, and ↑ pulse wave velocity
Moheimani et al. 2017[109] C Electronic cigarettes with nicotine caused ↑ sympathetic tone; ←→ no effect on oxidative stress (plasma paraoxonase)
Boas et al. 2017[96] C ↑ Activation of splenocardiac axis
Taylor et al. 2017[110] P No change ←→ in endothelial cell migration in vitro compared with scientific reference cigarette
Moheimani et al. 2017[80] C ↑ Cardiac sympathetic activity (habitual use), ↑ oxidative stress (habitual use)
Hom et al. 2016[76] C Platelets from healthy volunteers showed ↑ activation, ↑ adhesion, ↑ inflammation and ↑ aggregation potential upon exposure to electronic cigarette extracts of variable nicotine concentrations
Antoniewicz et al. 2016[111] C Ten puffs of electronic cigarette vapour ↑ endothelial progenitor cells in the blood of healthy volunteers
Anderson et al. 2016[80] P Electronic cigarette aerosol ↑ reactive oxygen species, induced DNA damage and cell death in EC
Vlachopoulos et al. 2016[78] C ↑ Aortic stiffness, ↑ blood pressure
Teasdale et al. 2016[86] P No change in ←→ stress response in human coronary artery endothelial cells in culture
Schweitzer et al. 2015[84] P Soluble components of electronic cigarettes, including nicotine, caused dose-dependent ↓ lung endothelial barrier function, ↑ oxidative stress, ↑ brisk inflammation
Palpant et al. 2015[112] P ↓ Decreased cardiac development in zebrafish and human embryonic stem cells
Farsalinos et al. 2014[77] C No immediate effects on myocardial relaxation
Szoltysek-Boldys et al. 2014[113] C No change ←→ in arterial stiffness
Farsalinos et al. 2013[48] P Some electronic cigarette samples had cytotoxic effect on cultured cardiomyoblasts

C = clinical; CAD = coronary artery disease; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; EC = endothelial cell; OR = odds ratio; P = preclinical.