Table 1.
Physicochemical characteristics of the substrates used.
| Parameter | Chicken Manure | BPE a |
|---|---|---|
| Total solids (g/L) | 13.2–28.9 | 26.4 |
| Volatile solids (g/L) | 5.5–9.1 | 7.5 |
| Total carbon (g/L) | 39 (<1.0) b | − c |
| Total nitrogen (g/L) | 4 (<1.0) | − |
| C/N ratio | 9.75 (<1.0) | − |
| pH | 6.9–7.4 | 5.3–5.4 |
| Total chemical oxygen demand (g/L) | 8.7–13.0 | 111.8 |
| Soluble chemical oxygen demand (g/L) | 3.2–9.7 | 110.3 |
| Total ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) | 150–360 | − |
| Total volatile fatty acids (mg COD/L) | 100–500 | 2541 |
| Acetate (mg/L) | 60–300 | 2264 |
| Propionate (mg/L) | 25–140 | 30 |
| n-Butyrate (mg/L) | 20–50 | 40 |
| n-Valerate (mg/L) | 20–60 | not detected |
| Lactate (mg/L) | 3–20 | 184 |
| Phosphorous (mg/L) | 81 (<1.0) | − |
| Calcium (mg/L) | 206 (<1.0) | − |
| Potassium (mg/L) | 547 (<1.0) | − |
| Sodium (mg/L) | 271 (<1.0) | − |
a Process effluent from a bioethanol plant (BPE). b Relative standard deviation (%) of one representative sample is given in parentheses (n > 3). c Not determined. COD: chemical oxygen demand.