Figure 3.

Conceptual framework of indirect and direct associations between objective built environment and health outcomes mediated/moderated by perceived environment. Note: Model depicts conceptually comparable perceived neighborhood environment as a potential mediator (Equations (1) and (2)), and socio-demographic, perceived environment, and social environment as moderators (Equations (3) and (4)) of the association between objective built environment and health outcomes. The dashed lines and arrows also show the moderated mediation effect (Equation (5)), that is, the potential moderators may influence the mediation effect.