Table 1.
Studies about Sarcopenia and oral vitamin D supplementation in older people.
| Author/Year | Study Design | Patient Characteristics | N Included in Analyses | Intervention | Control Group | Duration | Conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moreira-Primer et al. 2009 [74] | RCT * | Institutionalized people ≥ 60 y | 56 | 1000 mg calcium/day + 150.000 IU vitamin D/month (after 2 months: 90.000 IU/month) | 1000 mg calcium/day + placebo/month | 6 months | Strength muscle: improvement of hip flexors and knee extensors strength |
| Pfeifer et al. 2009 [75] | RCT | Community-dwelling people ≥ 70 y with 25(OH)D ≤ 78 nmol/L | 242 | 1000 mg calcium/day + 800 IU vitamin D/day | 1000 mg calcium/day | 12 months | Muscle strength and physical performance: improvement of hand grip strength and knee isometric extension strength, SPPB, TUG and 4-m walking speed |
| Iolascon et al. 2017 [76] | PCS | Post-menopausal women ≥ 50 y with osteoporosis and/or vitamin D deficiency | 113 | 20 μg vitamin D/day | - | 6 months | Muscle strength and physical performance: improvement of isometric leg extension strength and TUG |
| Verlaan et al. 2018 [61] | RCT | Sarcopenic older adults | 380 | 20 g protein (3 g leucine) + 3 g fat + 9 g carbohydrates + 800 IU vitamin D twice daily | Iso-caloric control product twice daily | 13 weeks | Muscle mass and physical performance: improvement of BIA and chair-stand test |
| Latham et al. 2003 [66] | RCT | Frail older people, after hospital discharge | 243 | Single dose of 300.000 IU | Placebo (single dose) | 10 weeks | Physical performance: no improvement of quadriceps resistance exercise |
| Levis et al. 2017 [72] | RCT | Sedentary men 65–90 y with 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL and SPPB ≤ 9 | 130 | 4.000 IU vitamin D/day | Placebo/day | 9 months | Physical performance: no improvement of SPPB or gait speed |
| Shea et al. 2019 [73] | RCT | Community-dwelling people ≥ 60 y with 25(OH)D ≤ 20 ng/mL | 100 | 858 (+800) IU vitamin D/day | Placebo/day | 1 year | Lower-extremity power, strength and lean mass: no improvement of Keiser pneumatic leg press, backward tandem walk test, SPPB, dual X-ray |
| Uusi-Rasi et al. 2015 [74] | RCT | Home-dwelling women 70–80 y with at least 1 fall in the previous year and no use of vitamin D supplements | 409 | 800 IU vitamin D/day ± exercise | Placebo/day ± exercise | 2 years | Mass muscle, muscle strength and physical performance: no improvement of BIA and SPPB, TUG, 4-m walking speed and 5 times chair stand |
* RCT: randomized controlled trial; PCS: prospective cohort study.