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. 2019 Dec 13;11(12):1154. doi: 10.3390/v11121154

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(A): Survival percentage of ten chickens per group after challenge IBV (statistical differences between different groups were determined by using the analysis of Log Rank test. * p < 0.05 indicates a significant difference). (B) Trachea and kidney MLS of ten chickens per group infected with IBV (statistical differences between different groups were determined by using the analysis of Mann–Whitney U test. * p < 0.05 indicates a significant difference). (C) Degeneration and necrosis of the ciliated epithelial cells (black arrow). (D) Degeneration and necrosis in the renal tubules kidney (black arrow). E: normal trachea. F: normal kidney.