Table 2.
Main effect of time, group, and time–group interaction of the interventions on the outcome measures.
| Parameters | Study Group | Analysis of Covariance (p-Values) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental Mean (SD) |
Control Mean (SD) |
Time (ηp2) |
Group (ηp2) |
Interaction (ηp2) |
|
| FMA-UE | |||||
| Week 0 | 57.44 (10.17) | 56.50 (8.18) | 0.001 * (0.76) |
0.50 (0.01) |
0.23 (0.04) |
| Week 8 | 65.94 (7.57) | 63.22 (6.98) | |||
| WMFT | |||||
| Week 0 | 46.00 (10.99) | 44.11 (7.64) | 0.001 * (0.79) |
0.38 (0.02) |
0.17 (0.05) |
| Week 8 | 53.61 (10.35) | 50.05 (7.55) | |||
| IMI | |||||
| Week 0 | 126.94 (11.40) | 118.22 (8.35) | 0.16 (0.06) |
0.14 (0.06) |
0.001 * (0.20) |
| Week 8 | 120.50 (10.00) | 120.50 (8.37) | |||
| Lawton IADL | |||||
| Week 0 | 4.28 (2.22) | 2.78 (1.00) | 0.01 * (0.17) |
0.77 (0.00) |
0.01 * (0.19) |
| Week 8 | 4.56 (1.98) | 3.00 (1.03) | |||
| SIS domains | |||||
| Strength | 0.00 * (0.32) |
1.00 (0.00) |
0.16 (0.06) |
||
| Week 0 | 57.29 (15.93) | 63.54 (12.91) | |||
| Week 8 | 62.50 (11.94) | 68.75 (13.89) | |||
| Memory, thinking | 0.05 (0.11) |
0.34 (0.03) |
0.21 (0.05) |
||
| Week 0 | 87.91 (14.24) | 82.94 (11.39) | |||
| Week 8 | 90.96 (11.39) | 84.02 (15.32) | |||
| Emotion | 0.78 (0.00) |
0.57 (0.01) |
0.34 (0.30) |
||
| Week 0 | 83.97 (12.92) | 80.40 (13.46) | |||
| Week 8 | 84.79 (12.29) | 80.13 (13.37) | |||
| Communication | 0.13 (0.07) |
0.51 (0.01) |
0.03 * (0.13) |
||
| Week 0 | 94.84 (8.85) | 84.92 (17.70) | |||
| Week 8 | 95.64 (9.05) | 86.91 (14.13) | |||
| ADL/IADL | |||||
| Week 0 | 84.32 (12.05) | 77.41 (11.11) | 0.001 * (0.24) |
0.67 (0.00) |
0.06 (0.10) |
| Week 8 | 86.68 (10.31) | 79.23 (11.11) | |||
| Mobility | |||||
| Week 0 | 85.34 (10.52) | 80.86 (15.06) | 0.06 (0.10) |
0.82 (0.00) |
0.25 (0.04) |
| Week 8 | 87.50 (6.95) | 82.56 (15.12) | |||
| Hand function | |||||
| Week 0 | 68.61 (27.64) | 66.11 (22.59) | 0.77 (0.00) |
0.77 (0.00) |
0.79 (0.00) |
| Week 8 | 68.61 (27.80) | 66.67 (22.10) | |||
| Social | |||||
| Week 0 | 74.31 (16.31) | 68.58 (18.44) | 0.74 (0.00) |
0.19 (0.05) |
0.45 (0.02) |
| Week 8 | 72.63 (17.95) | 69.59 (16.47) | |||
| Stroke recovery | |||||
| Week 0 | 68.61 (12.70) | 61.67 (9.85) | 0.001 * (0.56) |
0.45 (0.02) |
0.09 (0.08) |
| Week 8 | 73.89 (10.37) | 68.33 (11.38) | |||
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation. ηp2, partial eta squared; FMA-UE, Fugl-Meyer assessment for upper extremities; WMFT, Wolf motor function test; IMI, intrinsic motivation inventory; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living; SIS, stroke impact scale. Statistically significant, * p < 0.05 by repeated measure ANOVA.