| BMI | basic medical insurance |
| CHE | catastrophic health expenditure; |
| CII | Critical Illness Insurance |
| CTP | capacity to pay |
| MPO | mean positive overshoot |
| OOP | out-of-pocket healthcare payments |
| NHSS | National Health Service Study |
| UHC | universal health coverage |
| NRCMS | The new rural cooperative medical scheme |
| URMI | the urban resident medical insurance |
| WHO | World Health Organization. |