| Fx | fucoxanthin |
| Akt | serine-threonine kinase |
| Sirt1 | silent information regulator T1 |
| FoxO3α | forkhead box O3α |
| HG | high glucose |
| GMCs | glomerular mesangial cells |
| DN | diabetic nephropathy |
| FN | fibronectin |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| Rsv | resveratrol |
| MnSOD | manganese superoxide dismutase |
| NG | normal glucose |
| ECM | extracellular matrix |
| FBS | fetal bovine serum |
| DMEM | dulbecco’s modified eagle medium |
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