Table 2.
Comparisons of demographic data, depression, anxiety, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, opposition, and facial emotion recognition between bullying perpetrators and non-perpetrators.
| Perpetrators (n = 41) | Non-Perpetrators (n = 97) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | Mean (SD) | n (%) | Mean (SD) | χ2 or t | p | Cohen’s d | |
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 37 (90) | 87 (93) | 0.010 | 0.922 | |||
| Female | 4 (10) | 10 (7) | |||||
| Age (years) | 13.98 (2.20) | 13.82 (2.16) | 0.395 | 0.694 | |||
| Father’s education duration (years) | 14.00 (3.15) | 14.69 (2.82) | −1.225 | 0.223 | |||
| Mother’s education duration (years) | 13.03 (1.98) | 13.84 (2.79) | −1.911 | 0.059 | |||
| Depression | 20.22 (10.14) | 13.93 (6.34) | 3.681 | 0.001 | 0.744 | ||
| Anxiety | 54.46 (11.45) | 47.24 (10.50) | 3.597 | <0.001 | 0.657 | ||
| Inattention | 77.10 (27.39) | 81.61 (20.70) | −0.959 | 0.341 | |||
| Hyperactivity/impulsivity | 69.98 (26.96) | 66.66 (27.50) | 0.651 | 0.516 | |||
| Opposition | 75.29 (26.44) | 78.28 (21.98) | −0.686 | 0.494 | |||
| C-FERT differentiation, correct rate (%) | 76.41 (10.00) | 73.78 (13.29) | 1.140 | 0.256 | |||
| C-FERT differentiation, reaction time (s) | 2.22 (0.76) | 2.31 (0.62) | −0.752 | 0.454 | |||
| C-FERT ranking, correct rate (%) | 77.66 (18.17) | 77.32 (17.84) | 0.102 | 0.919 | |||
| C-FERT rating, correct rate (%) | 51.20 (14.85) | 44.21 (14.92) | 2.532 | 0.012 | 0.470 | ||
| C-FERT rating, reaction time (s) | 1.75 (0.36) | 1.93 (0.50) | −2.369 | 0.020 | 0.413 | ||
C-FERT: Computerized Facial Emotion Recognition Test.