Table 10.
Characteristic FTM parameters for different carriers in membrane paraffin/olefin separations of gaseous streams.
| Separated Gases | Type of Material | Name of the Material | Carrier | Selectivity or Sep Factor | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Hybrid | not specified | Ag | NS | [125] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Hybrid | not specified | Ag+ | SF 65 ethylene/ethane | [126] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Hybrid | Chitosan/Ag (Imtex) | Ag+ | SF 100 ethylene/ethane | [127] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Hybrid | 5A zeolite | Ag+ | S 27.4 ethylene | [128] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Hybrid | Fe2(dobdc) | Ag+ | S 13.6 ethylene | [128] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Liquid | Fluoropore FP-010/AgNO3 (Sumitomo) | Ag+ | SF 460 ethylene/ethane | [90] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Liquid | polysulfone | Ag+ | SF 420 ethylene/ethane | [129] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Liquid | PEO/PBT/AgNO3 | Ag+ | SF 165 ethylene/ethane | [130] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Liquid | EPDM-SPEEK | Ag+ | SF 2700 ethylene/ethane | [131] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Liquid | [4-mebupy]BF4 | Ag+ | S 3 ethylene | [132] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Liquid | Cu SILM supported PVDF | Cu | S 11.8 | [133] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Liquid | PIL/40IL-Ag+ 1.25 M | Ag+ | S 7.24 etylene | [134] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Liquid | ZnCl2/[BMIM][Cl] | Zn IL | S 178 | [135] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Liquid | CuCl/ChCl-EG-based SLMs | Cu | S 12.5 | [136] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Liquid | CuCl/DESs-SLMs | IL | SF 20 ethylene/ethane | [135] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Liquid | DESs-SLMs | Ag+ | S 50 -100 ethylene | [111] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Polymer | Nafion N-117 | Ag+ | SF 540 ethylene/ethane | [137] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Polymer | AgBF4/PVP | Ag+ | SF 2.3 ethylene/ethane | [138] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Polymer | AgBF4/PEO | Ag+ | SF 240 ethylene/ethane | [139] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Polymer | Pebax® 4011 and Pebax® 2533 (Atofina) | Ag+ | NS | [140] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Polymer | AgNO3/polyethersulfone (Daicel) | Ag+ | SF 1100 ethylene/ethane | [141] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Polymer | PA 1 2-PTMO/AgBF4 | Ag+ | SF 20 ethylene/ethane | [142] |
| ethylene/Ethane | FT/Polymer | POZ/AgBF4 | Ag+ | SF 5 ethylene/ethane | [143] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Polymer | EPDM | Ag+ | SF 72.5 ethylene/ethene | [136] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Polymer | AgNO3/polyethersulfone (Daicel) | Ag+ | SF 374 ethylene/ethane | [144] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Polymer | PebaxTM 2533/AgBF4 | Ag+ | NS | [145] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Polymer | 3c | Ag+ | SF 115 ethylene/ethane | [146] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Polymer | SiO2 Poly(sodium acrylate) Ag+ | Ag+ | SF 94 ethylene/ethane | [147] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Polymer | Pebax® 2533/AgBF4 (Arkema) | Ag+ | SF 55 ethylene/ethane | [115] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Polymer | 28% PVDF/72% triacetin/AgNO3 | Ag+ | NS | [129] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Polymer | Psf/AgNO3 | Ag+ | NS | [148] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Polymer | PSf/PTMSP | Ag+ | NS | [149] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Polymer | AgBF4-PVMK membrane | Ag+ | ethylene/ethane | [150] |
| ethylene/ethane | FT/Polymer | PEO-AgBF4 | Ag+ | NS | [151] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Hybrid | Ag/SBA-15 | Ag+ | S 10 propylene | [152] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Hybrid | Ag/c-Al2O3 | Ag+ | S 1.2 propane | [153] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Hybrid | POZ/AgNO3/SiO2 (fumed silica nanoparticles) (1:1:0.1) | Ag+ | S 90.0 propylene/propane | [154] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Hybrid | POZ/AgNO3/BMIM+NO3− | Ag+ | S 32.0 propylene/propane | [155] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Hybrid | POZ/AgNO3/BMIM+BF4− | Ag+ | S 31.8 propylene/propane | [155] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Hybrid | POZ/AgNO3/BMIM+CF3SO3− | Ag+ | S 33.2 propylene/propane | [155] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Hybrid | PVP/Nano Au (Seahan) | Au | S 22 propylene | [96] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Hybrid | POZ | Ag+ | SF 20–22.5 propylene/propane | [156] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Hybrid | PVDF-HFP/BMImBF4−Ag+ | Ag+ | S 700 propane | [157] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Hybrid | AgNO3/Al2O3 | Ag+ | NS | [158] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Hybrid | MICRODYN MD020 TP 2N | Ag+ | NS | [159] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Hybrid | TiO2-PEO-AgBF4 | Ag+ | S 19 propylene/propane | [160] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Hybrid | Permylene (Imtex) | Ag+ | NS | [161] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Hybrid | PHMEP-g-PEGBEM/AgBF4/MgO-NS | Ag+ | SF 12.9 propylene/ propane | [162] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Liquid | POZ/AgNO3/BMIM+BF4− | Ag+ | SF 31.8 propylene/propane | [163] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Liquid | POZ/AgNO3/BMIM+NO3− | Ag+ | SF 32 propylene/propane | [163] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Liquid | zirconia/AgNO3 | Ag+ | SF 20 propylene/propane | [164] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Liquid | TEG/AgBF4 | Ag+ | SF 60 propylene/propane | [165] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Liquid | AgBF4 | Ag+ | S 4.5 propylene | [166] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Liquid | PVDF/AgNO3 | Ag+ | SF 474 propylene/propane | [167] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Liquid | BMIM+BF4−/Ag | Ag+ | SF 17 propylene/propane | [168] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Liquid | Ag-BMImBF4 | Ag+ | NS | [169] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Liquid | AgNO3/PVDF (Millipore) | Ag+ | NS | [170] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Liquid | BMIM+BF4− | Cu | SF 5.2 propylene/propane | [93] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Liquid | PVDF/AgNO3 | Ag+ | SF 480 propylene/propane | [171] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Liquid | PVDF/AgNO3 | Ag+ | SF 490 propylene/propane | [172] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Liquid | [Ag(propene)x][Tf2N] | Ag+ | SF 3 propane/propene | [173] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Liquid | RTILs | Ag+ | SF 100 propylene/propane | [174] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Liquid | PVDF/AgNO3 | Ag+ | SF 270 propylene/propane | [175] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Liquid | BMImBF4 | Ag+ | SF 20 propylene/propane | [176] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Liquid | MOIM+NO3− | IL | SF 2.8 propylene/propane | [99] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Liquid | BMIM+BF4− | IL | SF 2.3 propylene/propane | [99] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Liquid | AgNO3 in hollow fiber membrane | Ag+ | 75% propylene removal | [177] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Liquid | (Emim,Ag)[BF4]−PICPM+PF6− | Ag+ | SF 7 propylene/propane | [178] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Liquid | (Emim,Ag)[Tf2N]−PICPM+Tf2N− | Ag+ | SF 7 propylene/propane | [178] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Liquid | (Emim,Ag)[Tf2N]-12HSA | Ag+ | SF 7 propylene/propane | [178] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Liquid | MOIM+BF4−/Cu | Cu | SF 2 propylene/propane | [179] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Liquid | PVDF/AgNO3 | Ag+ | SF 473.86 propylene/propane | [118] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Liquid | NMP | Ag+ | S 4.5 propylene | [180] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | PVA/AgSbF6 | Ag+ | S 125 propylene | [181] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | PVDFHFP/BMImBF4/AgBF4 | Ag+ | NS | [182] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | PE-g-AA-Ag+ | Cu | SF 21 propylene/propane | [60] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | PPO | Ag+ | SF 5.33 propylene/propane | [183] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | Cu/PVP | Cu | SF 10 propylene/propane | [184] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | AgNO3/PEG/Psf | Ag+ | SF 250 propylene/propane | [185] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | AgBF4-PVP | Ag+ | SF 140 propylene/propane | [124] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | POZ | Ag+ | SF 280 proylene/propane | [186] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | PEO | Ag+ | NS | [187] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | AgBF4-PVP | Ag+ | SF 140 propylene/propane | [188] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | AgBF4-POZ | Ag+ | SF 130 propylene/propane | [188] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | PVP/AgBF4 | Ag+ | NS | [189] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | PVP/AgBF4 | Ag+ | SF 60 propylene/propane | [190] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | PVP/AgNO3/Ppy | Ag+ | NS | [191] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | POZ | Ag+ | SF 5 propylene/propane | [192] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | PEP/AgBF4 | Ag+ | SF 55 propylene/propane | [94] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | PDMS/AgBF4 | Ag+ | SF 200 propylene/propane | [193] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | PHMV | Ag+ | S 336 propylene | [194] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | POZ | Ag+ | SF 65 propylene/propane | [195] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | PVP/silver salts | Ag+ | NS | [196] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | POZ/AgBF4 | Ag+ | SF 45 propylene/propane | [197] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | 6FDA–4MPD/DABA | Ag+ | S 10 propylene/propane | [198] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | BMIM+BF4 | Ag+ | SF 17 propylene/propane | [95] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | SBS/0.5Ag | Ag+ | S 80 propylene/propane | [199] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | Ag–sugar/BMIM+BF4− (0.05/1) | Ag+ | SF 12.9 propylene/propane | [200] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | PVC-g-P4VP | Ag+ | S 6 propylene | [201] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | PEI/Pebax2533/AgBF4 | Ag+ | SF 1000 propylene/propane | [202] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | PU/AgCF3SO3 (BASF ) | Ag+ | S 10 propylene | [203] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | PTFE (Mencor) | Ag+ | 60% propylene | [121] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | PP/AgBF4 | Ag+ | NS | [204] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | polymer membranes with inorganic nanoparticles uniformly dispersed | Zn | SF 18.08 propylene/propane | [205] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | Pebax® 1657/AgBF4 (Atofina) | Ag+ | SF 20.4 propylene/propane | [206] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | poly(vinylalcohol)/AgBF4/Al(NO3)3 | Ag+ | SF 17 propylene/propane | [98] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | (PVA)/AgBF4/Al(NO3)3 | Ag+ | NS | [98] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | PVP/AgBF4/Al(NO3)3/Ag2O | Ag+ | SF 21.7 propylene/propane | [100] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | CAF (CMS) | Ag+ | SF 50 propylene/propane | [207] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | SBS/Cu@MIL-101(Cr) MMM | Cu | S 2 propylene | [208] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | PE-g-AA-Ag+ | Ag+ | S 5 propane | [209] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | PE-g-AA-Cu+ | Cu+ | S 2.2 propane | [209] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | PE-g-AA-Cu2+ | Cu2+ | S 1.7 propane | [209] |
| propylene/propane | FT/Polymer | PEO-AgBF4 | Ag+ | NS | [151] |
The separation factor (SF) of the gas pairs may be defined as the quotient between the molar ratios of the components in the permeate side divided by the quotient between the molar ratios of the components in the feed side. The ideal selectivity (S) is calculated as the ratio between the permeances of the individual components. NS stands for not specified.