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. 2019 Nov 29;9(12):161. doi: 10.3390/membranes9120161

Table 5.

Production variables for the various reference electrode types.

RE Type Cost Est. * Complexity/Tooling Production Time Total (d)/Work (h) Rejection Rate Issues Sum
QB30(PVC) 200 € § medium 3/2 80% rejection −−
QB25(PU) 200 € § medium 5/2 20% time to obtain ++
RKCl 120 € high 1/8 0% cost
PVA 0.37 € high 1/2 10% bubbles, hardness, pin placement +
UF resin 0.43 € low 1/1 10% body wall adhesion +

* Ag/AgCl pin price ignored in all cases; § Phillips body 99.5% of the total price; use of a simplified plastic body drops the price by an order of magnitude. work time to produce 10 electrodes.