Table 3.
Odds ratios (ORs), adjusted odds ratios (aORs), 95% Confidence Intervals (95%CIs), and p-values from univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses highlighting associations between parenthood aspirations and demographic, lifestyle and psychological variables at age 25 to 30 years (Wave 3).
| Variable | First Child † | Another Child † | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariable | Multivariable | Univariable | Multivariable | |||||
| OR (95%CI) | p-Value | aOR * (95%CI) | p-Value | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | aOR * (95% CI) | p-Value | |
| Age | 0.9 (0.3–0.9) | <0.001 | 0.8 (0.8–0.9) | <0.001 | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | <0.001 | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 0.086 |
| Education | ||||||||
| No formal/high school | REF | REF | REF | REF | ||||
| Trade/diploma | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | <0.001 | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 0.608 | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | 0.006 | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 0.005 |
| Degree | 1.8 (1.5–2.1) | <0.001 | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 0.051 | 0.3 (0.2–0.3) | <0.001 | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | <0.001 |
| Employment status | ||||||||
| No paid work | REF | REF | REF | REF | ||||
| Paid work | 1.8 (1.5–2.2) | <0.001 | 1.2 (1.1–1.7) | 0.270 | 0.3 (0.2–0.3) | <0.001 | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | <0.001 |
| Annual household income (AUD$) | ||||||||
| <$25,999 | REF | REF | REF | REF | ||||
| $26,000–$77,999 | 1.6 (1.2–2.2) | 0.003 | 1.1 (0.8–1.7) | 0.429 | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.262 | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) | <0.001 |
| ≥$78,000 | 2.7 (2.0–3.8) | <0.001 | 1.7 (1.1–2.5) | 0.013 | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | <0.001 | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | <0.001 |
| Marital Status | ||||||||
| Not married/de facto | REF | REF | REF | REF | ||||
| Married/de facto | 1.8 (1.5–2.1) | <0.001 | 1.7 (1.4–2.1) | <0.001 | 8.2 (6.8–9.9) | <0.001 | 12.8 (9.1–18.1) | <0.001 |
| Country of birth | ||||||||
| Australia | REF | REF | REF | REF | ||||
| Other English-speaking background | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 0.885 | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | 0.956 | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | 0.998 | 1.2 (0.6–2.4) | 0.688 |
| Europe | 1.5 (0.7–3.6) | 0.309 | 1.7 (0.5–5.5) | 0.411 | 0.5 (0.2–1.5) | 0.214 | 0.2 (0.0–1.5) | 0.109 |
| Asia | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 0.122 | 0.7 (0.3–1.2) | 0.187 | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) | <0.001 | 0.3 (0.1–1.0) | 0.048 |
| Other | 1.2 (0.5–3.0) | 0.765 | 1.7 (0.4–7.4) | 0.493 | 1.1 (0.4–3.0) | 0.897 | 2.3 (0.3–17.1) | 0.400 |
| BMI category | ||||||||
| Underweight | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | 0.146 | 1.1 (0.6–1.7) | 0.837 | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 0.785 | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 0.446 |
| Normal weight | REF | REF | REF | REF | ||||
| Overweight | 0.8 (0.6–0.9) | 0.010 | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 0.030 | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 0.015 | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 0.491 |
| Obese | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | <0.001 | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.003 | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) | <0.001 | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 0.341 |
| Physical activity | ||||||||
| Sedentary | REF | REF | REF | REF | ||||
| Low PA | 1.3 (0.9–1.7) | 0.123 | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) | 0.907 | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.159 | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 0.430 |
| Moderate PA | 1.4 (1.0–2.0) | 0.028 | 1.0 (0.7–1.6) | 0.848 | 0.6 (0.4–0.8) | 0.002 | 0.6 (0.3–1.0) | 0.050 |
| High PA | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 0.152 | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 0.600 | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | <0.001 | 0.5 (0.3–0.8) | 0.005 |
| Sedentary behaviour (sitting time) | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.521 | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 0.078 | 0.8 (0.8–0.8) | <0.001 | 0.8 (0.7–0.8) | <0.001 |
| Diet quality | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.635 | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.978 | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | <0.001 | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.008 |
| Alcohol intake | ||||||||
| None | REF | REF | REF | REF | ||||
| Any | 2.3 (1.7–2.9) | <0.001 | 2.1 (1.5–3.1) | <0.001 | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 0.646 | 0.9 (0.5–1.4) | 0.533 |
| Smoking | ||||||||
| Never or ex-smoker | REF | REF | REF | REF | ||||
| Current smoker | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.019 | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.256 | 1.0 (0.9–1.3) | 0.650 | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.180 |
| Depressive symptoms | ||||||||
| No | REF | REF | REF | REF | ||||
| Yes | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.017 | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 0.810 | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.494 | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 0.522 |
| Anxiety symptoms | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.004 | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 0.352 | 0.8 (0.8–0.9) | 0.002 | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | 0.002 |
| Stress | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 0.225 | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.694 | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 0.147 | 1.7 (1.3–2.3) | 0.001 |
† Comparison group is women with no parenthood aspirations. * Multivariable analyses adjusted for all other variables in the table. Note. Number of children (parity) has not been included as the outcome is based on whether women are aspiring for their first or another child. REF indicates reference category. Significant associations are indicated in bold.