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. 2019 Dec 3;11(12):705. doi: 10.3390/toxins11120705

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of calcium influx inhibition on macrophage activation. Concentrations of IL-1β (A), TNF-α (B) in the supernatants of peritoneal macrophage cultures treated with curine or verapamil (1 or 10 μM) were evaluated 4 h after LPS challenge. Results are expressed as means ± SEM from two experiments performed in triplicate. + significant difference (p < 0.05) from the unchallenged cells; * significant difference (p < 0.05) from the untreated LPS-challenged cells. Statistical significance was determined with one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey test. Assay range of IL-1β: 15.6–1000 pg/mL and TNF-α: 31.3–2000 pg/mL.