Table 1.
Overview of animals, study design and outcome of peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) transmission trials with cattle, alpacas, llamas, dromedaries and goats using PPRV lineage IV strain Kurdistan/2011 for intranasal infection. Contact control animals were added 2 days (trial 1) or 3 days (trials 2 and 3) after experimental infection (dpi). Seroconversion was detected in all experimentally infected cattle, alpacas and llamas and in 2/6 dromedaries, while PPRV-RNA was detected in 3/3 cattle, 3/3 alpacas and 2/3 llamas but not in any of the PPRV-infected six dromedaries. None of the cattle and camelids excreted infectious PPRV or transmitted PPRV to any of the contact animals.
| Trial No. | Trial ID | Intranasally Inoculated Animals | Contact Control Animals | Outcome of Experiment | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Species * and ID | Sex | Age (Months) | Species * and ID | Sex | Age (Months) | Seroconver-sion (Total No. by Spp.) | Shedding of PPRV-RNA (Total No. by Spp.) | Shedding of Infectious PPRV | Contact Transmission | ||
| 1 | C–G | C1–C3 | 3 f | 3 | G5, G6 | 2 m | 4 | 3 C | 3 C | no | no |
| 2 | SAC-GL | A1–A3 L4–L6 |
3 m 3 m |
6–10 7–8 |
L7 | 1 m | 9 | 3 A, 3 L | 3 A, 2 L | no | no |
| G8, G9 | 2 m | 12–13 | 0 G | 0 G | no | no | |||||
| 3 | D-GD (pen 1) |
D.54A, D.6A5, D.BO | 3 m | young adult (72) | D.204, D.05E | 2 f | young adult (72) | 2 D | 0 D | no | no |
| G.9499, G.9500 | 2 m | 24 | 0 G | 0 G | no | no | |||||
| 3 | D-GD (pen 2) |
D.54A, D.F7B, D.No2 | 1 m, 2 f |
old (216) | D.No1, D.No6 | 1 m, 1 f | old (170) | 0 D | 0 D | no | no |
| 3 | D-GD (pen 3) |
G.8682 † | 1 m | 24 | none | 1 G | 1 G | yes | NA | ||
* Scientific names: C, cattle (Bos taurus taurus, breed: Holstein Friesian; A, alpaca (Vicugna pacos); L, llama (Llama glama); SAC, South American camelids; D, dromedary (Camelus dromedarius); G, goat (Capra aegagrus hircus; breeds: White German goat; German: ‘Weiße Deutsche Edelziege’ (trials 1 and 2), local goat breed of United Arab Emirates [trial 3]); pen, animals were kept in 3 different enclosures—pen 1 to 3; f, female; m, male; † positive control goat; NA, not applicable since the positive control goat was kept alone in a separate stable.