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. 2019 Nov 27;11(12):1097. doi: 10.3390/v11121097

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The role of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). S1P levels are regulated by sphingosine kinase (SphK) and S1P lyase (SPL). The diverse functions of S1P on cell survival and host health are shown.