Table 3.
CES-D(mean) and DASH(mean) total score as predictors of first follow-up and rate of change in BMI, overall and stratifying by sex, race and poverty status: multiple linear mixed-effects regression models, HANDLS 2004–2018 1.
| Overall | Men | Women | Whites | African Americans | Below Poverty | Above Poverty | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI | (n = 1458; k = 1.8) | (n = 592; k = 1.8) | (n = 866; k = 1.8) | (n = 579; k = 1.8) | (n = 879; k = 1.8) | (n = 596; k = 1.8) | (n = 862; k = 1.8) |
| Model 1: | |||||||
| TIME | +0.32 ± 0.15 * | +0.29 ± 0.20 | +0.51 ± 0.20 * | +0.42 ± 0.18 | +0.28 ± 0.39 | +0.38 ± 0.23 | +0.36 ± 0.34 |
| CES-D(mean) | +0.01 ± 0.02 | −0.01 ± 0.03 | +0.02 ± 0.03 | −0.02 ± 0.03 | +0.03 ± 0.03 | −0.01 ± 0.03 | +0.02 ± 0.03 |
| CES-D(mean) × TIME | +0.001 ± 0.003 | −0.007 ± 0.004 | +0.004 ± 0.003 | +0.002 ± 0.003 | +0.001 ± 0.003 | +0.005 ± 0.004 | −0.004 ± 0.003 |
| DASH(mean) | −0.55 ± 0.20 **,2 | −0.13 ± 0.29 | −0.75 ± 0.27 **,2 | −0.94 ± 0.28 **,2 | −0.05 ± 0.27 | −0.96 ± 0.34 **,2 | −0.27 ± 0.24 |
| DASH(mean) × TIME | −0.04 ± 0.02 | −0.02 ± 0.03 | −0.04 ± 0.03 | −0.04 ± 0.03 | −0.05 ± 0.03 | −0.09 ± 0.04 *,2 | −0.02 ± 0.02 |
| Model 2: | |||||||
| TIME | +0.31 ± 0.15 * | +0.29 ± 0.20 | +0.50 ± 0.20 * | +0.42 ± 0.18 * | +0.30 ± 0.39 | +0.38 ± 0.23 | +0.37 ± 0.34 |
| CES-D(mean) | +0.01 ± 0.02 | −0.01 ± 0.03 2 | +0.02 ± 0.03 | −0.02 ± 0.03 | +0.03 ± 0.03 | −0.01 ± 0.03 | +0.02 ± 0.03 |
| CES-D (mean) × TIME | +0.001 ± 0.003 | −0.007 ± 0.004 2 | +0.005 ± 0.003 | +0.003 ± 0.003 | +0.001 ± 0.003 | +0.005 ± 0.004 2 | −0.005 ± 0.003 |
| Model 3: | |||||||
| TIME | +0.32 ± 0.15 * | +0.22 ± 0.20 | +0.56 ± 0.19 ** | +0.45 ± 0.18 * | +0.29 ± 0.39 | +0.44 ± 0.22 | +0.32 ± 0.34 |
| DASH(mean) | −0.55 ± 0.20 **,2 | −0.13 ± 0.29 | −0.76 ± 0.27 **,2 | −0.93 ± 0.28 **,2 | −0.05 ± 0.27 | −0.96 ± 0.34 ** | −0.28 ± 0.24 |
| DASH(mean) × TIME | −0.04 ± 0.02 | −0.02 ± 0.04 | −0.04 ± 0.03 | −0.04 ± 0.03 | −0.05 ± 0.03 | −0.09 ± 0.04 * | −0.02 ± 0.02 |
Abbreviations: DASH = Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; HANDLS = Healthy Aging in Neighborhood of Diversity across the Lifespan; SE = Standard Error; CES-D = The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. Note: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01. 1 Values are fixed effects regression coefficients from mixed-effects linear regression models (γ ± SE). Models were adjusted for visit 1 age, visit 2 age, sex, race, poverty status, educational attainment, literacy, employment status, current smoking status, current drug use, self-rated health, mean of total energy intake, and mean energy intake from grocery stores. 2 p < 0.05 for null hypothesis of no difference by sex, race, or poverty status based on two-way and three-way interaction terms with CES-D/DASH and TIME. First-visit age was centered at 48. Second-visit age was centered at 53. Energy intake was centered at 2027 kcal/d. Energy from stores centered at 1551 kcal/d. DASH(mean) was centered at 1.74. CES-D(mean) centered at 14.8. p < 0.05 for the null hypothesis of no difference by sex, race, or poverty status based on two-way and three-way interaction terms with CES-D/DASH and TIME.