Table 2.

Association Between Immune Cells and Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis (n=246 Artery Segments)

Immune Cell Density	Univariate Model			Adjusted Modela
CD68+ macrophages
% of obstruction	β	95% CI	P Value	β	95% CI	P Value
PvATp (10−5cells/μm2)b	2.19	0.88 to 3.51	0.001	2.06	0.71 to 3.41	0.003
Difference: PvATp and PvATd (10−5cells/μm2)b	2.30	0.57 to 4.03	0.01	2.85	1.32 to 4.39	<0.001
Unstable plaque composition	OR	95% CI	P Value	OR	95% CI	P Value
PvAT (10−5cells/μm2)c	1.12	1.02 to 1.25	0.02	1.15	1.01 to 1.31	0.03
Difference: PvATp and PvATd (10−5cells/μm2)c	1.42	1.14 to 1.78	0.002	1.77	1.28 to 2.47	0.001
CD3+ T lymphocytes
% of obstruction	β	95% CI	P Value	β	95% CI	P Value
PvATp (10−5cells/μm2)b	3.12	−1.17 to 7.41	0.15	3.42	−0.85 to 7.69	0.11
Difference: PvATp and PvATd (10−5cells/μm2)b	1.78	−2.18 to 5.74	0.37	2.15	−1.83 to 6.13	0.28
Unstable plaque composition	OR	95% CI	P Value	OR	95% CI	P Value
PvATp (10−5cells/μm2)c	1.31	0.92 to 1.87	0.13	1.37	0.94 to 2.00	0.09
Difference: PvATp and PvATd (10−5cells/μm2)c	1.49	0.85 to 2.59	0.15	1.55	0.77 to 3.11	0.21
CD20+ B lymphocytes
% of obstruction	β	95% CI	P Value	β	95% CI	P Value
PvAT (10−5cells/μm2)b	40.10	7.02 to 73.19	0.01	36.38	1.83 to 70.93	0.03
Difference: PvATp and PvATd (10−5cells/μm2)b	37.66	3.13 to 72.18	0.03	39.49	1.89 to 77.09	0.04
Unstable plaque composition	OR	95% CI	P Value	OR	95% CI	P Value
PvAT (10−5cells/μm2)c	26.91	1.38 to 523.65	0.03	23.44	0.67 to 812.92	0.08
Difference: PvATp and PvATd (10−5cells/μm2)c	13.39	0.54 to 332.03	0.11	8.56	0.16 to 447.22	0.28

OR indicates odds ratio; PvATd, distal perivascular adipose tissue; PvATp, periplaque perivascular adipose tissue.

^aAdjusted for age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, and physical inactivity.

^bLinear regression with robust SEs to account for repeated measures in the same individual through cluster adjustment.

^cLogistic regression with robust SEs to account for repeated measures in the same individual through cluster adjustment.