Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate Cox regression for analyzing prognostic factors for chondrosarcoma patients (diagnosed 2010–2016).
| Characteristics | Median OS | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | (95% CI) | P | HR | (95% CI) | P | ||
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 29 (1–83) | R | R | ||||
| Male | 30 (1–83) | 1.356 | 1.019–1.804 | 0.037 | 1.642 | 1.216–2.216 | 0.001 |
| Age | |||||||
| ≤67 | 31 (1–83) | R | R | ||||
| >67 | 18 (1–83) | 3.650 | 2.763–4.821 | <0.001 | 3.115 | 2.266–4.281 | <0.001 |
| Race | NI | ||||||
| White | 30 (1–83) | R | |||||
| Black | 30 (1–82) | 0.653 | 0.346–1.234 | 0.189 | |||
| Others | 24 (1–82) | 0.633 | 0.297–1.346 | 0.235 | |||
| Unknown | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Insurance status | NI | ||||||
| Uninsured | 27 (1–79) | R | |||||
| Insured | 29 (1–83) | 0.705 | 0.361–1.375 | 0.305 | |||
| Unknown | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Marital status | NI | ||||||
| Unmarried | 29 (1–83) | R | |||||
| Married | 29 (1–83) | 0.972 | 0.730–1.294 | 0.845 | |||
| Unknown | NA | NA | NA | NA | |||
| Primary site | |||||||
| Extremities | 28 (1–83) | R | R | ||||
| Spine | 27 (2–83) | 0.987 | 0.531–1.836 | 0.967 | 1.625 | 0.837–3.152 | 0.151 |
| Thoracic cage | 36 (1–83) | 0.684 | 0.461–1.016 | 0.060 | 0.906 | 0.582–1.410 | 0.662 |
| Others | 26 (1–82) | 1.421 | 1.025–1.971 | 0.035 | 1.368 | 0.945–1.980 | 0.097 |
| Histologic subtype | |||||||
| Conventional | 33 (1–83) | R | R | ||||
| Myxoid | 20.5 (1–75) | 1.818 | 0.953–3.469 | 0.070 | 1.571 | 0.784–3.150 | 0.203 |
| Mesenchymal | 25 (4–71) | 2.172 | 0.690–6.832 | 0.185 | 0.688 | 0.192–2.469 | 0.566 |
| Clear cell | 28.5 (1–67) | 0.476 | 0.066–3.407 | 0.460 | 0.761 | 0.103–5.623 | 0.789 |
| Dedifferentiated | 9 (1–68) | 8.546 | 6.332–11.534 | <0.001 | 4.199 | 2.694–6.546 | <0.001 |
| Grade | |||||||
| Low grade | 35 (1–83) | R | R | ||||
| High grade | 16 (1–82) | 5.483 | 4.031–7.460 | <0.001 | 1.594 | 1.046–2.428 | 0.030 |
| Unknown | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Enneking staging | |||||||
| A | 34 (1–83) | R | R | ||||
| B | 29 (1–83) | 3.747 | 2.475–5.671 | <0.001 | 1.721 | 1.107–2.676 | 0.016 |
| Unknown | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Regional lymph nodes mets | |||||||
| No | 30 (1–83) | R | R | ||||
| Yes | 8 (1–70) | 3.753 | 1.663–8.468 | 0.001 | 1.010 | 0.420–2.431 | 0.982 |
| Unknown | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Pulmonary metastasis | |||||||
| No | 31 (1–83) | R | R | ||||
| Yes | 7 (1–82) | 10.672 | 7.736–14.722 | <0.001 | 3.771 | 2.472–5.751 | <0.001 |
| Local recurrence | |||||||
| No | 30 (1–83) | R | R | ||||
| Yes | 6.5 (1–31) | 12.368 | 6.804–22.480 | <0.001 | 3.030 | 1.511–6.077 | 0.002 |
| Unknown | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Tumor size | |||||||
| ≤8.6 cm | 32 (1–83) | R | R | ||||
| >8.6–15 cm | 24 (1–83) | 2.603 | 1.851–3.659 | <0.001 | 1.163 | 0.794–1.703 | 0.438 |
| >15 cm | 16 (1–80) | 4.743 | 3.262–6.896 | <0.001 | 2.009 | 1.327–3.040 | 0.001 |
| Unknown | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Primary tumor surgery | |||||||
| No | 13.5 (1–82) | R | R | ||||
| Destruction | 30 (5–77) | NA | NA | 0.930 | NA | NA | NA |
| Resection | 33 (1–83) | 0.173 | 0.126–0.236 | <0.001 | 0.360 | 0.229–0.565 | <0.001 |
| Amputation | 21.5 (1–83) | 0.444 | 0.293–0.672 | <0.001 | 0.540 | 0.315–0.928 | 0.026 |
| Surgery, NOS | 45 (7–75) | 0.103 | 0.014–0.741 | 0.024 | 0.184 | 0.024–1.424 | 0.105 |
| Regional lymph nodes removed | NI | ||||||
| No | 29 (1–83) | R | |||||
| Yes | 28 (1–81) | 1.423 | 0.854–2.371 | 0.175 | |||
| Chemotherapy | |||||||
| None/unknown | 31 (1–83) | R | R | ||||
| Yes | 13 (1–74) | 5.181 | 3.791–7.082 | <0.001 | 1.347 | 0.889–2.041 | 0.159 |
| Radiation | |||||||
| None/unknown | 31 (1–83) | R | R | ||||
| Yes | 19 (1–82) | 3.288 | 2.404–4.496 | <0.001 | 1.104 | 0.649–1.879 | 0.714 |
| Radiation sequence with surgery | |||||||
| None | 30 (1–83) | R | R | ||||
| Prior | 36 (3–76) | 1.630 | 0.605–4.392 | 0.334 | 0.628 | 0.190–2.076 | 0.446 |
| After | 21.5 (2–80) | 1.969 | 1.274–3.044 | 0.002 | 1.480 | 0.724–3.026 | 0.283 |
R – reference; HR – hazard ratio; CI – confidence interval; NA – not applicable; NI – not included; mets – metastasis; OS – overall survival.