Figure 4.

Effect of BC on DNA methylation in CD133⁺CD44⁺ HCT116 cells. Relative mRNA levels of DNMT1 (A) and DNMT3A (B) were analyzed by qPCR as described in Materials and Methods. GAPDH was detected as a loading control. (C) Global DNA methylation levels were determined in ELISAs. The AZA treatment group was used as a positive control. All analyses were conducted at least three independent experiments. One-way ANOVA and the Newman–Keuls multiple comparison test were performed. CTRL, control; AZA, 1 μM 5-aza-dC; BC, beta-carotene; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. ^aP < 0.05 compared to 5-aza-dC group; ^bP < 0.05 compared to the control group; ^cP < 0.01 compared to the control group.