Table 2.

Approved Drugs.

Compound	Company	Structure	Mechanism of Action	Formulations	Indication
Hydroxyurea	Numerous	Hydroxycarbamide CH4N2O2	An antineoplastic agent that inhibits DNA synthesis through the inhibition of ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase. Hb F Induction, reduces inflammation and hemolysis	Capsules: Hydrea and Droxia; 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 mg Tablets: Siklos;100 mg, 1000 mg Solution 100 mg/ml or higher as needed	Sickle cell anemia; Myeloproliferative disorders, certain cancers
L-Glutamine (Endari)	Emmaus Medical Inc.	2-Amino-4-carbamoylbutanoic acid	Not well known. It may improve the NAD redox potential in sickle RBCs through increasing the availability of reduced glutathione.	Powder in packets containing 5g each	Reduction of the acute complications of sickle cell disease in adult and pediatric patients 5 years of age and older
Crizanlizumab-tmca	Novartis	Monoclonal antibody	Anti-P-selectin	Intravenous solution	Reduces the frequency of VOCs in adults and pediatric patients aged 16 years and older
Voxelotor (Oxbryta, GBT440)	Global Blood Therapeutics Inc	Benzaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-6-((2-(1-(1-methylethyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-3-pyridinyl)methoxy)	Hb S Polymerization inhibitor	Tablets (500 mg) for oral use	Treatment of sickle cell disease in adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older

NAD = nicotinamide adenine dinucleotid.