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. 2019 Dec 19;10:2949. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02949

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Copyright © 2019 Rinaldi, Consonni, Cordiglieri, Sacco, Crasà, Fontana, Morelli, Elli, Mantegazza and Baggi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Differential expression of TLRs in BMDCs exposed to probiotics. (A) qRT-PCR analysis of TLR2, TLR1, and TLR6 in BMDCs exposed to single strains (BA, BL, LC, LR) and combinations (BBmix, LBmix) of probiotics for 4 h (mean ± SD). (B) Confocal and (D) SIM images of untreated CD11c⁺ cells (green) and TLR2 (red). (C) Confocal and (E) SIM images of LR-exposed CD11c⁺ cells (green) and TLR2 (red). (F) SIM image of LTA (green) and TLR2 (red) of BMDCs exposed to LC (inset: 3D volume). Statistical significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA test with Dunnett's multiple comparison test. Corrected p-values are reported. Confocal image scale bar: 50 μm; SIM image scale bar: 5 μm.