Figure 3.

miR-5188 Enhances Breast Cancer Stemness, Metastasis, Proliferation, and Chemoresistance In Vivo

(A) The subcutaneous xenograft mouse model was adopted to evaluate the effect of miR-5188 on the tumor-initiating frequency (n = 6). (B) The pulmonary metastasis model was chosen to assess the effect of miR-5188 on cancer metastasis (scale bar, 100 μm) (n = 5, Student’s t test). (C) The subcutaneous xenograft mouse model was used to evaluate the effect of miR-5188 on cancer proliferation (n = 5, general linear model). Xenograft tumors were directly stained with H&E (scale bar, 100 μm) and were subjected to immunohistochemical stains for Ki67 and PCNA expression (scale bars, 40 μm) (n = 5). (D) Survival analysis shows the cumulative overall survival time of the mice in miR-5188 group, paclitaxel/epirubicin-treated group, miR-5188 + paclitaxel/epirubicin group, miR-5188 antagomir group, antagomir + paclitaxel/epirubicin group, antagomir + si-FOXO1 group, and their controls (n = 10, log-rank test). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.