The steps of UQ8 biosynthesis in E. coli.
IspB produces octaprenyl-diphosphate. The octaprenyl group (designated by R) is
transferred to 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4HB) by UbiA, to form
3-octaprenyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (OHB). UbiD and UbiX work together to mediate
decarboxylation and produce octaprenyl phenol (OPP). OPP is then subjected to
alternating steps of hydroxylation (shown in blue) and
methylation (shown in pink) in the order of UbiI, UbiG, UbiH,
UbiE, UbiF and UbiG to form the fully substituted product,
UQ8H2. UbiJ and UbiK are required accessory proteins,
and UbiJ binds OPP and the other UQ8-intermediates. The order of
steps in eukaryotic UQ biosynthesis is slightly different. The first
hydroxylation and methylation steps in yeast and human cells are thought to
precede the decarboxylation step.