Functional, structural, and taxonomical diversity of PTS. (a) Sequence similarity network (SSN) of PTS-EIIC domains from 125 proteins, retrieved from the Transporter Classification database, from the literature, and from the present study, constructed with an initial score of 10−5. The nodes are connected by an edge if the pairwise sequence identity is ≥21.3%. The corresponding substrates were annotated under each cluster of the 4.A.1 and 4.A.2 families. Unfilled nodes indicate sequences for which the functions were inferred by transcriptomics, while filled ones correspond to the functions validated biochemically or by gene deletion. Taxonomic distributions at genus (b) and phylum (c) levels of the characterized PTS transporters.