Table 3.

Relative risks of clinical outcomes.

Variables	Blood transfusion	ICU admission	Mechanical ventilation
	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)
Open surgery	1.70 (1.06–2.75)	2.89 (1.67–5.02)	3.00 (1.59–5.67)
Age, years
<55	1	1	1
55–64	0.85 (0.48–1.52)	1.00 (0.50–1.99)	1.27 (0.59–2.72)
65–74	1.31 (0.74–2.34)	2.52 (1.32–4.82)	2.46 (1.18–5.12)
≥75	2.83 (1.62–4.93)	5.64 (3.00–10.61)	4.86 (2.40–9.81)
Male	0.48 (0.33–0.70)	1.13 (0.76–1.69)	0.96 (0.63–1.49)
Comorbidity
Congestive heart failure	1.29 (0.46–3.61)	1.66 (0.59–4.67)	2.46 (0.91–6.68)
Cerebrovascular disease	0.88 (0.44–1.74)	1.54 (0.80–2.98)	1.35 (0.67–2.72)
Chronic pulmonary disease	1.29 (0.70–2.36)	0.88 (0.47–1.67)	1.02 (0.52–2.01)
Renal disease	2.68 (1.10–6.56)	1.54 (0.59–4.04)	1.31 (0.48–3.61)
Liver disease	0.90 (0.43–1.91)	0.97 (0.44–2.15)	1.11 (0.49–2.53)
Metastasis	3.12 (1.22–8.03)	1.31 (0.43–4.01)	3.95 (1.46–10.68)
Hypertension	0.87 (0.57–1.31)	0.80 (0.52–1.23)	0.82 (0.51–1.31)
Diabetes mellitus	1.29 (0.78–2.15)	1.41 (0.83–2.40)	1.35 (0.77–2.37)
Hospital
Medical center	1	1	1
Metropolitan hospital	1.53 (1.05–2.23)	2.90 (1.93–4.36)	1.70 (1.10–2.61)
Local community hospital	4.71 (1.95–11.39)	1.63 (0.62–4.28)	0.68 (0.21–2.28)

Abbreviation: aOR, adjusted odds ratio.