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. 2019 Dec 16;8(12):1650. doi: 10.3390/cells8121650

Figure 8.

Figure 8

Molecular mechanism of upregulation of pluripotent markers in human ESCs grown in 3-D scaffolds. (A) The effect of 3-D culture of ESCs (H9 cells) on the expression of markers associated with integrin (ITGA2, ITGA5, ITGA6, ITGAV, ITGB1, ITGB3, and ITGB5) and G-coupled protein receptors (GCPRs; LPAR1, LPAR2, S1PR1, and S1PR3), Hippo (YAP, TAZ, TEAD4, LATS1, and LATS2), Rho (RHOA, RAC1, and ROCK1), and LIF (LIFR, GP130, SOCS3, and TBX3) signaling pathways as determined by qRT-PCR. Results were expressed as the fold expression ± SE normalized to reference genes HMBS, GAPDH, and β-ACTIN (* p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01). (B) Proposed pathway involved in the induction of naïve pluripotency in primed human ESCs (H9 cells) encapsulated in 3-D self-assembling scaffolds.