Skip to main content
. 2019 Dec 27;25(1):23–30. doi: 10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_207_18

Table 3.

Maternal and fetus/newborn complications among primigravidae

Maternal complications among primigravidae Fetus/newborn complications among primigravidae


Complications No (%) χ2 p Complications No (%) χ2 p


Intervention group n=122 Control group n=123 Intervention group n=122 Control group n=123
Pregnancy-induced hypertension Intrauterine growth retardation
 Yes 4 (3.00) 12 (10.00) F2=4.41 0.037  Yes 3 (4.00) 7 (6.00) F2=0.37 0.544
 No 118 (97) 111 (90)  No 119 (96.00) 116 (94.00)
Gestational diabetes mellitus Fetal distress
 Yes 4 (3.00) 11 (10.00) F2=4.35 0.037  Yes 6 (4.80) 13 (11.00) F2=2.86 0.09
 No 118 (97.00) 112 (90.00)  No 116 (95.00) 110 (89.00)
Abruption of placenta F2=1.35 0.246 Birth asphyxia
 Yes 2 (2.00) 5 (4.00)  Yes 2 (1.60) 10 (8.00) F2=5.67 0.017
 No 120 (98.00) 118 (96.00)  No 120 (98.00) 113 (92.00)
Anemia Hypoglycemia
 Yes 5 (4.00) 13 (11.00) F2=3.91 0.048  Yes 1 (2.40) 12 (10.00) F2=2.83 0.076
 No 117 (96.00) 110 (89.00)  No 121 (98.00) 111 (90.00)
Antepartum hemorrhage/shock Respiratory distress
 Yes 2 (2.00) 6 (5) F2=2.10 0.147  Yes 2 (1.60) 13 (11.00) F2=8.68 0.003
 No 120 (98.00) 117 (95.00)  No 120 (98.00) 110 (89.00)
Premature rupture of membrane Jaundice
 Yes 4 (3.00) 5 (4.00) F2=0.12 0.725  Yes 5 (4.00) 13 (11.00) F2=3.91 0.048
 No 118 (97.00) 118 (96.00)  No 117 (96.00) 110 (89.00)
Preterm Premature rupture of membrane Seizure
 Yes 2 (2.00) 6 (5.00) F2=2.10 0.147  Yes 0 (0.00) 9 (8.00) F2=2.93 0.081
 No 120 (98.00) 117 (95.00)  No 122 (100.00) 113 (92.00)
Induced labor Birth injuries
 Yes 11 (9.00) 23 (20.00) F2=5.50 0.019  Yes 1 (0.80) 4 (3.00) F2=1.86 0.172
 No 111 (91.00) 100 (80.00)  No 121 (99.00) 119 (97.00)
Prolonged labor Neonatal death
 Yes 6 (5.00) 12 (10.00) F2=2.21 0.137  Yes 0 (0.00) 2 (2.00) F2=2.06 0.080
 No 116 (95.00) 111 (90)  No 122 (100.00) 121 (98.00)
Obstructed labor
 Yes 1 (1.00) 5 (9.00) F2=3.54 0.060
 No 121 (99.00) 118 (91.00)
Reproductive tract injury
 Yes 5 (1.00) 5 (12.00) F2=4.30 0.078
 No 118 (99.00) 108 (88.00)
Wound healing
 Yes 2 (3.00) 9 (7.00) F2=4.07 0.0150
 No 120 (97.00) 114 (93.00)
Postpartum hemorrhage
 Yes 1 (1.00) 7 (6.00) F2=0.37 0.544
 No 121 (99.00) 116 (94.00)