Table 1.
HRF in allergic and immune disorders.
| Disease | Modulation of Animal Disease Models by HRF or HRF Inhibitors | Human Patients |
|---|---|---|
| Asthma | ↓OVA-induced airway inflammation by HRF inhibitors (N19, H3) ↓Aspergillus fumigatus-induced airway inflammation by HRF inhibitors (N19) ↑airway inflammation induced by intranasal instillation of recombinant HRF ↓OVA-induced airway inflammation by dTBP2 peptide |
|
| Atopic dermatitis (AD) | ↓passive cutaneous anaphylaxis by HRF inhibitors (N19) ↓house dust mite allergen-induced skin inflammation in NC/Nga mice by dTBP2 peptide |
↑serum HRF, ↑serum HRF-reactive IgE |
| Food allergy (FA) |
OVA-induced FA: ↑serum HRF-reactive IgE, ↑HRF dimer/ oligomers in jejunum, ↑diarrhea, ↑hypothermia, ↓physical activity, which were all reduced by HRF inhibitors (N19, HRF-2CA) |
Egg allergy: ↑serum HRF-reactive IgE, which was reduced by successful OIT1 |
| Chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) | ↑serum HRF, ↑serum HRF-reactive IgE | |
| Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) | ↑plasma and lung HRF associated with exosomes |
Oral immunotherapy (OIT1). ↓, decreased; ↑, increased.