3.1. Analysis.
Comparison 3 Tables of included studies, Outcome 1 Competitions using performance‐based rewards.
| Competitions using performance‐based rewards | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Abstinence definition | Time point | Validation | N randomized | Quit rate (N quit / N followed up) | Comments |
| Gomel 1993 | Continuous | 12 months | Cotinine < 100 ng/mL | BCI 95 BC 124 |
BCI 1/30 (3%) BC 3/30 (10%) |
Other two groups had zero quit rates. |
| Klesges 1986 | PPA | 6 months | CO < 8ppm SCN | I 91 C 16 |
I 18% C 14% | Numbers not reported. |
| Klesges 1987 | PPA | 6 months | CO ≤ 10ppm | 136 | I 8/66 (12%) C 7/61 (11%) | |
| Koffman 1998 | 7 days abstinence | 12 months | CO (level not stated) | 185 | MI 37% M 30% C 11% | N = 185 followed up at 6 m. Numbers per group not reported. Statistically significant difference reported for Control versus each of the two Intervention groups. |
| Maheu 1989 | 7 days abstinence | 12 months | CO ≤ 10ppm | I 32 C 24 |
I 50% (16/32) C 25% (6/24) | |