Comparison 7. Balloon (Foley or ATAD) versus low dose vaginal misoprostol: all women.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Vaginal delivery not achieved in 24 hours	2	340	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.09 [0.85, 1.39]
2 Uterine hyperstimulation with FHR changes	8	1322	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.39 [0.18, 0.85]
3 Caesarean section	12	1756	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.28 [1.02, 1.60]
4 Serious neonatal morbidity/perinatal death	3	381	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.58 [0.12, 2.66]
5 Serious maternal morbidity or death	4	464	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
6 Cervix unfavourable/unchanged after 12 hours	2	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	2.66 [0.60, 11.89]
7 Oxytocin augmentation	9	911	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.62 [1.38, 1.90]
8 Uterine hyperstimulation without FHR changes	9	1139	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.25 [0.14, 0.44]
9 Uterine rupture	3	364	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
10 Epidural analgesia	2	517	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.22 [1.06, 1.41]
11 Instrumental vaginal delivery	4	721	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.72 [0.50, 1.05]
12 Meconium‐stained liquor	7	1268	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.64 [0.48, 0.87]
13 Apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes	7	941	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.00 [0.50, 1.97]
14 Neonatal intensive care unit admission	9	1302	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.00 [0.61, 1.63]
15 Perinatal death	1	121	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
16 Maternal vomiting	1	60	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
17 Postpartum haemorrhage	1	120	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.14 [0.24, 5.44]
18 Maternal fever during labour	3	617	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.84 [0.22, 15.62]
19 Chorioamnionitis	2	200	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.24 [0.31, 4.88]
20 Endometritis	1	240	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.95 [0.12, 71.72]
21 Fetal distress	7	1127	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.84 [0.67, 1.05]
22 Umbilical artery pH <7.10	1	120	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.14 [0.35, 3.74]