Comparison 41. Any mechanical method and oxytocin versus oxytocin alone: all women (not pre‐specified).

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Vaginal delivery not achieved in 24 hours	2	321	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.71 [0.21, 2.40]
2 Caesarean section	6	718	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.68 [0.39, 1.20]
3 Serious neonatal morbidity/perinatal death	2	321	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.71 [0.12, 4.13]
4 Serious maternal morbidity or death	2	321	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
5 Uterine hyperstimulation without FHR changes	2	199	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.85 [0.34, 2.09]
6 Uterine rupture	1	120	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
7 Epidural analgesia	1	127	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.03 [0.98, 1.09]
8 Instrumental vaginal delivery	3	293	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.99 [0.48, 2.02]
9 Meconium‐stained liquor	3	319	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.72 [0.32, 1.63]
10 Neonatal intensive care unit admission	3	400	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.98 [0.61, 1.58]
11 Postpartum haemorrhage	3	319	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.18 [0.44, 3.18]
12 Serious maternal complications	1	201	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
13 Antibiotics during labour	1	201	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.32 [0.82, 6.55]
14 Chorionamnionitis	2	328	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	4.34 [0.55, 34.01]
15 Endometritis	3	374	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.08 [0.16, 7.45]
16 Fetal distress	3	400	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.37 [0.68, 2.77]