Orhue 1995.

Methods	RCT
Participants	Singleton, vertex, term fetus, adequate pelvis, maternal height > 155 cm, BS < 5. Exclusion if previous uterine scar, placenta praevia or abruptio, age > 35 years.
Interventions	(PGE2) 3 mg every 6 hours, max 3 doses (34 women randomised, 30 women analysed) oxytocin (2 mU/minute, doubled every 30 minutes, max 32 mU/minute) and ARM (30 women) Foley 30 mL (30 women)
Outcomes	CS, instrumental delivery, uterine hyperstimulation, fetal distress, postpartum haemorrhage.
Notes	4 women excluded in PG group were re‐included for CS results only. Setting: University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria Study period: April 1990 ‐ October 1991 Funding: not reported Declarations of interest: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Allocation sequence from a table of random numbers
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Concealment of allocation by sequentially numbered, sealed, opaque envelopes
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not feasible due to nature of intervention
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not reported
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	ITT not reported, 4 women excluded in PG group were because of unripe cervix after 12 hours
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All pre‐specified outcomes reported
Other bias	Low risk	No other bias detected